Any number that is a combination of integers and fractions is called a rational number. A rational number is a number that can be expressed as a quotient of integers, that is, a number that can be written in the form n/m, where m is a nonzero integer and n is an integer. Rational numbers include positive and negative integers, fractions, and zero. A rational number can be expressed in various ways. n/m, n'/m' (m, n, m', n' are integers, and m and m' are not 0) represent the same rational number when nm' = n'm. The sum, difference, and product of two rational numbers are rational numbers, and the quotient of a rational number divided by a non-zero rational number is also a rational number. However, the square root of a positive rational number is not necessarily a rational number (example). A real number that is not rational is an irrational number. The relationship between these numbers is as follows:
Rational numbers can be arranged on a line in order of magnitude. This is the number line. When you take two rational numbers on a number line, there is at least one (and therefore an infinite number) rational number between them. This is called the density of rational numbers. [Tatsuro Miwa] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Number line Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
整数と分数をあわせた数のすべてを有理数という。有理数は、整数の商で表される数、すなわち、mを0でない整数、nを整数としてn/mの形に書かれる数である。 有理数には、正・負の整数、分数と0が含まれる。 一つの有理数はいろいろな形に表すことができる。n/m,n′/m′(m、n、m′、n′は整数、m、m′は0でない)が同じ有理数を表すのは、nm′=n′mのときである。 二つの有理数の和・差・積は有理数であり、有理数を0でない有理数で割った商も有理数である。しかし、正の有理数の平方根は、有理数とは限らない(例 )。有理数でない実数が無理数である。これらの関係は次のようになる。
有理数は、大小の順序に従って直線上に並べることができる。これが数直線である。数直線上で、二つの有理数をとると、その間には、少なくとも一つの(したがって無数の)有理数がある。これを有理数の稠密(ちゅうみつ)性という。 [三輪辰郎] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 数直線 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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