Postal transfer - Postal review

Japanese: 郵便振替 - ゆうびんふりかえ
Postal transfer - Postal review

The postal service provides a simple and reliable means of remittance and settlement of credits and debts. The postal transfer system was established in Austria in 1883. It began to be handled in Japan on March 1, 1906 (Meiji 39).

Postal transfers are used as a means of remittance and settlement of claims and obligations between subscribers with postal transfer accounts and non-subscribers, or between subscribers themselves. They can be broadly divided into three types based on how they are used.

(1) Payments: This is a system whereby persons other than subscribers transfer money or settle debts by making payments into the subscriber's account. Payments can also be made into one's own account. There are two types of payment: regular payment, whereby notices about payments are sent between post offices by mail, and telegraphic payment, whereby notices are sent by telegraph (online). In June 1982, an automatic payment system was established whereby utility bills such as electricity, gas, and water bills are automatically paid from the payer's regular postal savings into the business operator's account. This system has been expanded significantly since then.

(2) Transfer: Transferring money or settling debts between subscribers by transferring deposits from one account to another. There are regular transfers and telegraphic transfers. There is also a periodic continuous transfer system in which payments for utility bills and other debts are automatically transferred from the subscriber's account to the business's account on a regular basis. It is simple as it does not involve the exchange of cash, and the fees are lower than other remittance methods.

(3) Withdrawals: A subscriber transfers money to a person who does not have an account or repays a debt. As with book-entry transfers, there are regular cash payments and telegraphic cash payments, as well as check payments (withdrawals by book-entry transfer check) and a simplified payment system for making regular large-scale transfers of stock dividends, etc.

In July 1983, automatic withdrawals and deposits, in which postal transfer payments are deposited in the recipient's regular savings account, or automatic receipts, began. In March 1992, regular postal transfer payments using automated postal payment machines (APMs) began. After that, the bank transfer system for national taxes, bank transfer payments for radio wave usage fees, telegraphic transfers using transfer terminals, and telegraphic payments using dedicated payment cards were also started.

To open a postal transfer account, you apply at a post office, and after approval by the Savings Administration Center which has jurisdiction over postal transfer accounts, you will be notified of the account number.

The postal transfer system was established as a means of payment to transition from the era of the monetary economy, in which borrowing and lending were settled by cash, to the era of the credit economy, in which settlements are made by bookkeeping operations rather than by the transfer of cash. This system also includes the international postal transfer system, which has expanded its scope of operation from domestic to international.

[Yoshijiro Kane/Masayoshi Kobayashi]

[Reference] | Postal

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

簡単で確実な送金および債権債務の決算手段を提供する郵政事業。郵便振替制度は、1883年にオーストリアで創設された。日本では1906年(明治39)3月1日から取扱いが開始された。

 郵便振替は、郵便振替口座を有する加入者と、加入者以外との間、あるいは加入者相互間における送金および債権債務の決済の手段として利用されている。その利用法から、大きく3つに分けられる。

(1)払込み 加入者以外の者が、加入者の口座に払い込むことによって、送金、債務の弁済を行うもので、自分の口座へ払い込むこともできる。払込みについての郵便局相互間の通知を郵便で行う通常払込みと、通知書を電信(オンライン)で行う電信払込みがある。1982年(昭和57)6月から、電気、ガス、水道料金などの公共料金を、支払人の通常郵便貯金から自動的に事業者の口座に払い込む自動払込み制度が開設された。この取扱いは、その後大幅に拡大されている。

(2)振替 加入者相互間の、一方の口座から他の口座に預り金を振り替えることによって送金したり、債務の弁済を行うもの。これにも通常振替と電信振替がある。公共料金をはじめ、債務の弁済などを自動的に加入者の口座から事業者の口座への振替を定期的に行う定期継続振替制度もある。現金の授受を伴わず簡便で、他の送金方法に比べて料金も低廉である。

(3)払出し 加入者が、口座をもたない人に送金したり、債務の弁済をしたりするもの。払出しには、振替と同様に通常現金払と電信現金払があり、また小切手払(振替小切手による払出し)や、株式の配当金など定期的に多数の送金を行うための簡易払いの制度がある。

 1983年7月、郵便振替の払出金を、相手方の通常貯金に預入(よにゅう)する自動払出預入、つまり自動受取の取扱いが開始された。さらに92年(平成4)3月には、郵便振替自動支払機(APM)による郵便振替通常払込みの取扱いが開始された。その後、国税の口座振替制度、電波利用料の口座振替納付、振替端末機を利用した電信振替、払込専用カードを利用した電信払込みの取扱いも開始されている。

 郵便振替口座の開設は、郵便局で加入の申込みを行うと、郵便振替の口座を所管する貯金事務センターで承認のうえ、口座番号が通知される。

 郵便振替制度が開設されたのは、現金による貸借の決済をしていたいわゆる貨幣経済時代から、現金の授受を行わない、帳簿上の操作によって決済を行う信用経済時代に対応した決済手段への移行ともいえる。この制度には、国内のみでなく外国にまでその取扱範囲を広げた国際郵便振替制度もある。

[金好次郎・小林正義]

[参照項目] | 郵便

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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