Jinzhou

A prefecture-level city in the southwest of Liaoning Province, China. It governs three city districts and two counties, and acts as the governing agent for two county-level cities (as of 2016). Population: 3,026,000 (2015). Located in the lower reaches of the Xiaoling River, it is a strategic military and transportation hub at the eastern entrance of the Liaoxi Corridor connecting the Northeast and North China regions. It is the junction of the Jingha Line and the Jincheng Line (Jinzhou-Chengde). During the Han dynasty, Jinzhou was the site of Tuhe County, Liaoxi County. During the Liao dynasty, Yongle County was established and it became the prefecture governor of Jinzhou. During the Yuan dynasty, it was renamed Jinzhou, and during the Qing dynasty, it became Jinzhou Prefecture. After the Xinhai Revolution, it became Jin County, but in 1937 it was separated from Jin County and established as a city. During the Chinese Civil War after World War II, it was a major battlefield in the Liaoning Campaign.

Industries such as petrochemicals, electronics, pharmaceuticals, auto parts, machinery, spinning, and food are located in the area, and industrial urbanization is progressing. The surrounding rural areas produce corn, sorghum, soybeans, rice, cotton, and peanuts. Other specialties include jade crafts and shrimp oil (a type of seasoning). Historic sites include Guangji Temple, the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Hall, and the Liaoshen Campaign Memorial Tower.

[Michihiro Kono, Editorial Department, April 18, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、遼寧(りょうねい)省南西部の地級市。3市轄区、2県を管轄し、2県級市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。人口302万6000（2015）。小凌河(しょうりょうが)下流部に位置し、東北地区と華北地区を結ぶ遼西(りょうせい)回廊の東口にあたる軍事、交通の要衝。京哈(けいは)線と錦承線（錦州―承徳(しょうとく)）の分岐点にあたる。錦州は漢代には遼西郡徒河(とか)県の地であった。遼代に永楽(えいらく)県を置き、錦州の州治とした。元代に錦州と改称、清(しん)代に錦州府治となった。辛亥(しんがい)革命後に錦県となったが、1937年錦県から分離して市制を施行した。第二次世界大戦後の国共内戦では遼瀋(りょうしん)戦役の主戦場となった。

　石油化学、電子、製薬、自動車部品、機械、紡績、食品などの工業が立地し工業都市化が進んでいる。周辺農村はトウモロコシ、コウリャン、大豆、米、ワタ、ラッカセイを産する。また特産として、玉細工、蝦油(シャーユー)（調味料の一種）がある。史跡に広済寺、遼瀋戦役記念館、同記念塔などがある。

［河野通博・編集部　2017年4月18日］

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