Evening glory

Japanese: 夕顔 - ゆうがお

[1] [Noun] ① An annual creeping plant of the Cucurbitaceae family. Native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia, it has been cultivated in Japan for a long time. It wraps around other plants with bifurcated tendrils at the end. Coarse hairs are scattered all over the plant. The leaves are long-stalked, kidney-shaped, palmately shallowly lobed, and have tooth-like edges. Monoecious. In summer, it produces white gamopetalous flowers with five lobes at the end, measuring 5 to 10 centimeters in diameter. The flowers open in the evening and wilt the next morning, hence the name Ipomoea nil and Ipomoea nil. The fruits are polymorphous, ranging from nearly spherical (fukube) to oval (nagayugao). Young fruits are edible, or used to make dried gourds , or dried in the shade to make charcoal removers, flower vases, and ornaments. Chinese name: 曧. Twilight grass. Nagafukube. {Season: Summer} ▼Yugao no Mi {Season: Autumn} ※Makura (end of the 10th century) 67 "The shape of the evening glory flower resembles that of a morning glory."② During the Edo period, this refers to a guest who visits the same prostitute for the second time at Matsubaya in Edo Yoshiwara. It is said that Segawa, a courtesan employed by Matsubaya, gave this name to her, quoting the chapter on evening glory in The Tale of Genji, meaning "the fuzzy-looking evening glory flower." [Essays: Tosei Takeno Zokudan (1757)]③ A face that is made up in the evening in preparation for going out to nighttime business. ※Ukiyo-zoshi: Amorous Life Man (1682) 3 "It is said that she makes evening flowers (yufu-gaho ) and flutters about."④ Another name for a prostitute. *Zappai, Yoritaiko (1701) "Yugao Crawls Out to Toba Kaido" [2] [1] The title of the fourth chapter of "The Tale of Genji". In the summer when Hikaru Genji was 17 years old, he found Yugao at a lodging in Gojo. In August, he stayed with her at a certain inn in Rokujo, but she died suddenly because of a spirit. The story also touches on Utsusemi's journey to Iyo and his negotiations with Rokujo no Miyasudokoro . [2] A woman who appears in "The Tale of Genji". She was loved by To no Chujo and gave birth to Tamakazura, but she hid her whereabouts due to threats from his wife's side. She was found by Genji, and was attacked by a spirit at the certain inn where they stayed together, and died. [3] A Noh play. The third piece. Kanze, Kongo, and Kita schools. Author unknown. Based on "The Tale of Genji". When a traveling monk came to Gojo in the capital, he heard a voice reciting a waka poem from a house. A woman appeared and told him that this was the place where Yugao had been attacked by a spirit and died. She told him how Yugao had made a promise to Genji and then disappeared. That night, the ghost of Yugao appeared in the monk's dream and danced, rejoicing that the monk's prayer had cleared up his doubts. [4] This is a jiuta/koto piece. Kikuoka Kengyo composed this piece as a shamisen tegotomono during the Bunsei period ( 1818-30 ). Later, Yaezaki Kengyo composed a koto te piece. [Glossary] (1) The flower's appearance and name are praised in "Makura-6-7," but it is only found in waka poems such as "Hitomaro-shu," "Kosui-shu," and "Sanki-ki-ka-shu." The influence of "Genji-Yugao" was a major factor in its frequent appearance in waka poems in the late Heian period. There were also many poems based on poems such as "With my heart set on it, I gaze upon the faintly radiant evening glory of the flowers," "Come closer and see, I wonder if it's really them, the faintly radiant evening glory of the flowers," and the passage from the Kokinshu - Miscellaneous that Genji quoted when asking the name of the flower, "I speak to the people from afar who cross my path, but what kind of flower is that blooming white there? ( Author unknown), " such as "The words left by the white dew, the faintly radiant evening glory of the flowers. (Fujiwara no Yorizane)" (Shin Kokinshu - Summer).
(2) It is often written together with words such as “yamagatsu” (lowly of the mountains) or “shizu” (lowly of low) , and in “Tsurezuregusa vol. 19” it says, “In June, the evening twilight appeared white on the suspicious house.”

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① ウリ科のつる性一年草。アフリカ、アジアの熱帯地方の原産で、日本では古くから栽培されている。先の二分した巻ひげで他物にからむ。全体に粗毛を散布する。葉は長柄をもち腎臓形で掌状に浅く裂け縁は歯牙状。雌雄同株。夏、先の五裂した径五～一〇センチメートルの白い合弁花を開く。花は夕方開き、翌朝しぼむのでアサガオやヒルガオに対してこの名がある。果実はほぼ球形（フクベ）のものから長円形（ナガユウガオ）のものまであり多形。若い果実は食べられ、また干瓢(かんぴょう)をつくったり、陰干にして、炭取り・花器・置物などにしたりする。漢名壺盧。たそがれぐさ。ながふくべ。《季・夏》▼ゆうがおの実《季・秋》※枕（１０Ｃ終）六七「夕がほは、花のかたちも朝顔に似て」② 江戸時代、江戸吉原の松葉屋で、同一の遊女のもとへ二回目に通ってくる遊客をいう。松葉屋抱えの太夫、瀬川が、「ほのぼの見ゆる花の夕顔」という意で、「源氏物語」の夕顔の巻から引用して名づけたといわれる。〔随筆・当世武野俗談（1757）〕③ 夜の商売などに出るために、夕方、化粧をした顔。※浮世草子・好色一代男（1682）三「夕㒵(ユフガホ)を作りて、ひらしゃら靡(なび)くといふ事ぞかし」④ 遊女の異称。※雑俳・寄太鼓（1701）「夕顔の鳥羽海道へ這ふて出る」[2][一] 「源氏物語」第四帖の巻名。光源氏一七歳の夏、五条の宿りに夕顔を見いだし、八月、夕顔を伴って宿った六条のなにがしの院で、物の怪(け)のため、夕顔を急死させてしまうことを中心に、空蝉(うつせみ)の伊予下向や六条御息所との交渉にも触れる。[二] 「源氏物語」に登場する女性。初め頭中将に愛され玉鬘をもうけたが、本妻側のおどしによって行方を隠し、源氏に見いだされ、共に宿ったなにがしの院で物の怪に襲われて死ぬ。[三] 謡曲。三番目物。観世・金剛・喜多流。作者未詳。「源氏物語」による。旅僧が都の五条あたりに来ると、ある家から和歌を吟詠する声が聞こえてき、やがて女が現われて、ここが夕顔が物の怪に襲われて死んだ所だと教え、夕顔が源氏と契りを結んだ有様を語って姿を消す。その夜、僧の夢の中に夕顔の霊が現われて舞を舞い、僧の回向によって迷いが晴れたことを喜ぶ。[四] 地歌・箏曲の一つ。菊岡検校が文政（一八一八‐三〇）の頃、三味線の手事物として作曲。のち、八重崎検校が箏の手を作曲。[語誌](1)「枕‐六七」でその花の姿と名が賞されてはいるが、和歌では「人麿集」「江帥集」「散木奇歌集」などに散見するのみであった。平安時代後期に和歌に多く詠まれるようになったのは「源氏‐夕顔」の影響が大きい。そこで詠まれている「心あてにそれかとぞ見る白露の光そへたるゆうかほの花」「寄りてこそそれかとも見めたそかれにほのぼの見つる花のゆふかほ」の歌や、源氏が花の名を問うにあたって引用した「古今‐雑体」の「打渡す遠方人(をちかたひと)に物申す我そのそこに白く咲けるは何の花ぞも〈よみ人しらず〉」に依拠した歌も多く詠まれた。「白露のなさけおきける言の葉やほのぼの見えし夕顔の花〈藤原頼実〉」〔新古今‐夏〕など。
(2)「山賤(やまがつ)」「賤(しず)」などの語とともに詠まれることも多く、「徒然草‐一九」にも「六月の比、あやしき家にゆふがほの白く見えて」とある。

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