This was the concept before the decentralization reforms of 2000, and refers to authoritative and regulating affairs related to the rights and obligations of residents. It was distinguished from public (proper) affairs, which are non-authoritative services and business management. Before the Second World War, local governments only had non-authoritative powers, but after the war, Article 94 of the Japanese Constitution gave local governments the power to "execute administration," and this was newly added to the powers of local governments. Based on the general principle of administration under the rule of law, it is necessary to determine this by ordinance (Article 14, Paragraph 2 of the Local Autonomy Act before the 2000 amendment). Examples include the Youth Protection Ordinance, the Collective Demonstration Control Ordinance, the Scrap Metal Industry Control Ordinance, the Kamishibai Ordinance, the Unauthorized Bicycle Ordinance, the Pet Dog Ordinance, and the Ordinance for the Keeping and Preservation of Dangerous Animals, and the number of ordinances has been increasing year by year. However, the concept of administrative affairs is based on historical reasons, and there is no practical benefit to the classification, so it has been common to group together public (proper) affairs and group delegated affairs as local government affairs and contrast them with agency delegated affairs. Even after the 2000 law reform, this type of authority-based affairs must be determined by ordinance (Local Autonomy Law, Article 14, Paragraph 2), but there is no need to call them administrative affairs. [Yasuhito Abe] "How to Read the Revision of the Local Autonomy Law" edited by the Institute for Local Government Studies (1999, Local Government Research Institute) [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
2000年(平成12)地方分権改革以前の観念で、住民の権利義務に関する権力的・規制的な事務をいう。非権力的なサービス・事業の経営を内容とする公共(固有)事務と区別された。第二次世界大戦前の自治体は非権力的権能しか有しなかったが、戦後、日本国憲法第94条によって、地方公共団体が「行政を執行する権能を有」することになったのに伴い、新たに自治体の権限とされたものである。法治行政の一般原則に基づき、条例で定めることが必要である(2000年改正施行前の地方自治法14条2項)。青少年保護条例、集団示威運動取締条例、金属くず業取締条例、紙芝居条例、放置自転車条例、飼犬条例、危険動物の飼養保管に関する条例などがその例であり、年々増える傾向であった。しかし、行政事務という観念は沿革的な理由によるもので、とくに分類による実益はないので、公共(固有)事務、団体委任事務とともに、まとめて自治事務とし、機関委任事務と対比するのが普通であった。2000年法改正施行後も、この種の権力的事務については条例で定める必要がある(地方自治法14条2項)が、これを行政事務とよぶ必要はない。 [阿部泰隆] 『自治体問題研究所編『地方自治法改正の読みかた』(1999・自治体研究社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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