Dutch Catholic theologian. He studied at the universities of Utrecht and Leuven, receiving his doctorate in theology in 1619, and began teaching at the University of Leuven in 1630, lecturing on the Bible. He was appointed Bishop of Ypres in 1636, but died 18 months later. At that time, the issue of grace and predestination was a source of fierce debate in the religious and intellectual circles. Many people, both Catholics and Protestants, appealed to the authority of Augustine on this issue, but Janssen felt that too many people were asserting untrue theories in the name of this saint, and decided to study Augustine's true ideas on grace. As a result, he came to emphasize grace, deny human free will, and accept God's predestination. His major work, Augustine (1640), which was completed just before his death as the result of 22 years of research and published posthumously, was read by many people, gave birth to Jansenism (the Jansen school), which spread throughout Europe, including France, sparked a fierce debate with the Jesuits, and caused a stir in the European religious world. [Keiji Otani December 12, 2017] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オランダのカトリック神学者。ユトレヒトとルーバンの大学で学び、1619年神学博士の学位を取得、1630年からルーバン大学で教壇に立ち、聖書を講じた。1636年イープルの司教に任命されるが、18か月後に死去した。 当時、宗教・思想界では、恩寵(おんちょう)と予定の問題が激しい論争をよんでいた。この問題をめぐり、カトリック、プロテスタントを問わず多くの人々は、アウグスティヌスの権威に訴えているが、ヤンセンは、あまりに多くの人々がこの聖人の名のもとに、真実でない説を主張していると考え、恩寵に関するアウグスティヌスの真の考えを研究しようと決心する。その結果、恩寵を重視して人間の自由意志を否定し、神の予定を認めるに至った。22年間にわたる研究の成果として死の直前に完成、死後出版された主著『アウグスティヌス』(1640)は、多くの人に読まれ、フランスをはじめヨーロッパに広がるジャンセニスム(ヤンセン派)を生み出すこととなり、イエズス会との激しい論争をよび、ヨーロッパ宗教界に波瀾(はらん)を巻き起こした。 [大谷啓治 2017年12月12日] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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