A school of koto music founded by Yamada Kengyo (1757-1817). Yamada Kengyo's style, which reached its peak around the Kansei and Kyowa eras (1789-1804), overwhelmed the Ikuta school of Edo and became a major force. After Yamada Kengyo's death, in 1861 (Bunkyu 1), his disciple Chiyoda Kengyo built a small shrine to the Yamada spirit within the Edo Soroku mansion, and at the same time named the school Yamada-ryu. Yamada-ryu koto music incorporated various Edo joruri styles such as Kato-bushi, Itchu-bushi, and Tomimoto-bushi, and created a new style of song. While there are so-called jorurimono, which are played in conjunction with joruri, and each performer sings a part of the song, it can be said that shamisen music has been adapted into koto music, with the koto as the main instrument and the shamisen as ancillary. However, the Yamada school also performs unique koto kumiuta and danmono, and jiuta-tsukeyoku koto music, but some pieces have different tunings and melodies. In addition, while the Ikuta school uses square-shaped kotos, the Yamada school uses round-shaped kotos and plain kotos. When performing original Yamada school songs, the shamisen uses the same hiragoma and flat plectrum as Edo seikyoku, while when performing tegotomono and jiuta-tsukeyoku, the daibiro koma and tsuyama plectrum are used. After the Yamada school was founded, his disciples, Yamato, Yamaki, Yamase, and Onagi, adopted the Iemoto system, which allowed each school to inherit their own name, and it is said that this is how the various schools of the Yamada school were born. Each school further branched off into smaller branches, and currently each school has several Iemotos. The school is mainly active in the Kanto region, and extends from Shizuoka Prefecture in the west (some schools are also practiced in the Kansai region) to the Tohoku region in the north. Other people in the Yamada school who have been recognized as holders of Important Intangible Cultural Properties include Koshino Eisho (1887-1965), Nakanoshima Kin'ichi (1904-84), Uehara Masaki II (1903-96), Nakada Hiroyuki (1912-2000), and Yamase Shoin III (1932- ). [Keiko Hirayama] [References] | | | |Kato | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
山田検校(けんぎょう)(1757―1817)を始祖とする箏曲(そうきょく)の流派。寛政(かんせい)・享和(きょうわ)年間(1789~1804)ごろに円熟した山田検校の作風は、それまでの江戸の生田(いくた)流を圧倒し、一大勢力をなした。山田検校没後、1861年(文久1)門弟の千代田検校が山田霊神小祠を江戸惣録(そうろく)屋敷内に建立、同時に山田流という流名をたてたらしい。山田流箏曲は、河東(かとう)節、一中(いっちゅう)節、富本(とみもと)節など江戸の諸浄瑠璃(じょうるり)を取り入れ新様式の歌曲を創始した。浄瑠璃との掛合い演奏をするいわゆる浄瑠璃物や、曲中の聞かせどころを各奏者が分担独唱する歌い分けがある一方、箏(こと)を主奏楽器とし、三絃(さんげん)は付随的であるという面で、三味線音楽を箏曲化したものといえる。ただし、山田流においても箏独自の箏組歌や段物の演奏も行われ、地歌移曲箏曲も演奏されるが、箏の調弦と旋律が異なる曲もある。なお、生田流の角爪(かくづめ)に対し、山田流は丸爪と素箏(すごと)仕立ての箏を使用する。また、山田流独自の曲を演奏する場合の三味線は、江戸声曲と共通する平駒(ひらごま)・平撥(ひらばち)を用い、手事(てごと)物および地歌移曲の演奏の場合は、台広(だいびろ)駒・津山撥を用いる。 山田流創立後、その門弟の山登(やまと)、山木(やまき)、山勢(やませ)、小名木(おなぎ)の各検校は、各家の名を襲名させる家元制度をとり、ここから山田流各派が生まれたといわれる。さらに各派は細かく分家し、現在では各派数名ずつの家元が存在する。おもに関東を中心に勢力をもち、西は静岡県(関西でも一部行われている)から北は東北地方にまで及ぶ。なお、山田流で重要無形文化財保持者に認定された人には、越野栄松(こしのえいしょう)(1887―1965)、中能島欣一(なかのしまきんいち)(1904―84)、2世上原真佐喜(まさき)(1903―96)、中田博之(なかだひろゆき)(1912―2000)、3世山勢松韻(やませしょういん)(1932― )がいる。 [平山けい子] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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