Yamashina family

The Northern Fujiwara clan, Shijo line. The clan received Yamashina East Manor in Yamashiro Province (Ooyake, Yamashina Ward, Kyoto City) as a legacy from the retired Emperor Goshirakawa, and was called Yamashina from the time of Noritoki during the Northern and Southern Courts period. The clan also inherited the position of Kuranokami and served as Mizushidokoro betto, so they were in charge of the Uchinojo territory, its barriers, and the tokubun of the Uchinojo. During the Muromachi period, they were appointed as Gakusho betto, and as they provided clothing for the Emperor from the Uchinojo, they also came to control the Gofukudokoro. In this way, their duties included preparing sake and food for the Imperial Court's offerings and festivals, providing clothing and costumes, and playing musical instruments, and later they also added the duties of court etiquette. During the Warring States period, when many of the family estates lost their real value, the Yamashina East Manor (Oya Village), the family's land, was the only manor that provided food and seasonal goods, and supported the lives of the Yamashina family by providing laborers. However, during the time of Tokitsugu at the end of the Middle Ages, the family's seven Yamashina districts were taken over by the shogunate, the tax revenues ceased, and the only income the Yamashina family received was the small amount of official money collected from the guests. In this environment, Tokitsugu made a name for himself through medicine, and while he displayed his talent as a clinical physician, he also expanded his social circle through his practice to include nobles, monks, and commoners. His son Tokitsune made a living as a physician in Osaka.

[Tabata Yasuko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

藤原北家(ほっけ)四条流。山城国(やましろのくに)山科東荘(しょう)（京都市山科区大宅(おおやけ)）などを後白河上皇(ごしらかわじょうこう)の遺領として拝領し、南北朝期の教言(のりとき)の代より山科を称した。また内蔵頭(くらのかみ)を世襲し、御厨子所別当(みずしどころべっとう)を兼ねたので、内蔵寮領やその関、御厨子所の得分(とくぶん)を管掌した。室町期には楽所(がくしょ)別当に補せられ、また内蔵寮から御服(ごふく)を調進したことから、御服所をも支配することとなった。このように朝廷の供御(くご)や節会(せちえ)の酒肴(しゅこう)の調進、御服＝装束の進納、管弦の演奏を職務とし、のち有職故実(ゆうそくこじつ)をも加えた。多くの所領が実質を失ってしまった戦国期、名字の地である山科東荘＝大宅里は、食糧、節季の品をもたらし、人夫役を勤め、山科家の生活を支える唯一の荘園であった。しかし中世末の言継(ときつぐ)の代には家領山科七郷も幕府に接収され、率分関収入もとだえて、わずかに供御人から徴した公事銭のみが山科家の収入であった。そのなかで言継は医薬によって名を表し、臨床医家として才能を発揮するとともに、診療を通じて公家(くげ)、僧侶(そうりょ)、庶民にまで交際を広げた。子の言経(ときつね)は大坂で医薬を生業とした。

［田端泰子］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例