Pharmacy - yakkyoku

Japanese: 薬局 - やっきょく
Pharmacy - yakkyoku

A pharmacy is a place where a pharmacist dispenses medicine for sale or dispensing, and is regulated by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. A pharmacy is opened with the permission of the prefectural governor in the area where it is located. The owner of the pharmacy must be a pharmacist himself, or if not, must appoint a full-time supervising pharmacist. The criteria for permission are that the structure and equipment of the pharmacy and the number of pharmacists engaged in pharmaceutical affairs at the pharmacy must conform to the provisions of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Ordinance, and the applicant does not meet any disqualification conditions. In addition, even if a place handles pharmaceuticals, it cannot be called a pharmacy unless it is licensed, and a pharmacy manager cannot be the manager of multiple pharmacies. Pharmacy permits are renewed every three years. There are four types of pharmaceutical and medical equipment sales businesses: general sales businesses, drug store sales businesses, door-to-door sales businesses, and special sales businesses. Each type requires a permit from the prefectural governor, but a pharmacy owner can sell pharmaceuticals as a business, or store or display them for sale or dispensing. In other words, they can obtain a general sales business permit. This is because pharmacies are facilities that sell pharmaceuticals and dispense prescriptions from doctors, dentists, and veterinarians, and are also places where certain preparations listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia or outside the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (pharmacy preparations specified by the government) are manufactured. The manufacture of pharmacy preparations requires a pharmacy pharmaceutical manufacturing business license. Also, in the past, pharmacists were free to manufacture and sell over-the-counter drugs, but the current Pharmaceutical Affairs Act does not permit this, and the current law only grants manufacturing licenses for certain pharmacy preparations.

There are insurance pharmacies that handle insurance dispensing as part of medical care benefits based on the Health Insurance Act, and among insurance pharmacies, there are so-called dispensing specialty pharmacies that only dispense insurance medicines and do not sell other medicines, quasi-drugs, medical equipment, or other items.In addition, there are pharmacies in hospitals and clinics, but these are not pharmacies under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, but dispensing facilities under the Medical Care Act, and can be called pharmacies.

[Fumiji Koho]

[References] | Prescriptions | Pharmacists | Pharmaceutical Affairs Law | Pharmacopoeia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

薬剤師が販売または授与の目的で調剤する場所が薬局であり、薬事法により規定されている。薬局はその所在地の都道府県知事の許可を受けて開設される。その開設者は自ら薬剤師であるか、または薬剤師でない場合には専任の管理薬剤師を置かなければならない。許可の基準は、薬局の構造設備およびその薬局において薬事に関する実務に従事する薬剤師の員数が厚生労働省令の定めに適合し、かつ申請者が欠格条件に合致しないことである。また、医薬品を取り扱う場所であっても、許可を受けた薬局でないものには薬局の名称を付してはならないし、薬局の管理者は複数の薬局の管理者となることはできない。薬局の許可は3年ごとに更新を受けることになっている。医薬品および医療用具の販売業には一般販売業、薬種商販売業、配置販売業、特例販売業の4種があり、それぞれ都道府県知事の許可を必要とするが、薬局の開設者は業として医薬品を販売し、または販売もしくは授与の目的で貯蔵し、もしくは陳列することができる。すなわち、一般販売業の許可を得ることができる。このことは、薬局が医薬品の販売ならびに医師・歯科医師・獣医師の処方箋(しょほうせん)に対して調剤する施設であり、また特定の日本薬局方収載または日本薬局方外の製剤(国で定めた薬局製剤)の製造場所でもあることによる。なお、薬局製剤の製造には薬局医薬品製造業の許可を必要とする。また、昔は薬剤師の資格において自由に売薬を製造販売することができたが、現行の薬事法ではそれを認めておらず、特定の薬局製剤についてのみ現行法によって製造許可がなされている。

 薬局には、健康保険法に基づく療養給付の一環として保険調剤業務を取り扱う保険薬局、さらに保険薬局のうち、保険調剤のみを行い他の医薬品・医薬部外品・医療用具・その他のものを販売しない、いわゆる調剤専門薬局がある。そのほか、病院や診療所の薬局があるが、これは薬事法の薬局ではなく、医療法上の調剤所であり、薬局と称することができるとされている。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 処方箋 | 薬剤師 | 薬事法 | 薬局方

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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