Specific heat formula proposed by P. Debye in 1912. It is an improvement of Einstein's specific heat formula. He believed that vibrations in solids could not be independent harmonic oscillators as in Einstein's model, but that when one atom is displaced, the surrounding atoms are dragged and displaced, and the vibrations are transmitted through the solid as waves. Therefore, the overall vibration is determined as the natural vibration of the crystal lattice. Since there are a sufficient number of atoms in a crystal, this natural vibration was approximated by the elastic vibration of a continuous elastic body to obtain the specific heat formula. From this formula, it was found that the constant volume specific heat agrees with Dulong-Petit's law at high temperatures, and at low temperatures it is proportional to absolute temperature and agrees well with experiments. In the figure, C v is the molar constant volume specific heat, R is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, and Θ is the paramagnetic Curie temperature. C v /3 R = 1 is given by Dulong-Petit's law. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1912年 P.デバイが提出した比熱式。アインシュタインの比熱式を改良したものである。彼は固体中の振動がアインシュタイン模型のように独立な調和振動子ではありえなくて,1つの原子が変位するとまわりの原子が引きずられて変位を起し,振動は波として固体中を伝わると考えた。したがって全体の振動は結晶格子の固有振動として定まる。結晶中には十分に多くの原子があるので,この固有振動を連続弾性体の弾性振動で近似して比熱式を得た。この式から,定積比熱は高温ではデュロン=プチの法則に一致し,低温では絶対温度に比例して実験とよく一致することがわかった。図で Cv はモル定積比熱,R は気体定数,T は絶対温度,Θ は常磁性キュリー温度である。 Cv/3R=1 はデュロン=プチの法則で与えられる。
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