Radiometer

Japanese: 放射計 - ほうしゃけい(英語表記)radiometer
Radiometer

An instrument that measures the energy of radiation such as visible light and infrared rays (radiation detectors are used to measure radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays). There are two types: thermal effect type, which measures the energy from the temperature rise of a small, insulated black body that absorbs radiation, and quantum effect type, which measures the energy by converting radiation into electric current using the photoelectric effect or photoelectromagnetic effect. Thermal effect type is characterized by having equal sensitivity to radiation in a wide wavelength range, and is suitable for measuring total radiation. Temperature rise is detected by thermoelectromotive force or changes in electrical resistance, and radiometers using the latter detection method are also called bolometers. Quantum effect type is characterized by high sensitivity and fast response, and is suitable for measuring weak radiation or changing radiation, and for measuring the radiation intensity pattern of a spread-out target when used with a scanning optical system. Detectors include phototubes, photomultiplier tubes, and various semiconductor elements.

[Mitsui Kiyoto]

[Reference item] | Radiation detector

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

可視光や赤外線などの放射のエネルギーを測定する計器(X線、γ(ガンマ)線などの放射線の測定は放射線検出器を用いる)。断熱した微小な黒体中に放射を吸収させてその温度上昇からエネルギーを測定する熱効果型と、光電効果や光電磁効果により放射を電流などに変換して測定する量子効果型とに分けられる。熱効果型は広い波長域の放射に対して均等な感度をもつことが特徴で、全放射の測定に適している。温度上昇の検出には熱起電力や電気抵抗の変化が利用され、後者の検出方式による放射計はボロメーターbolometerともよばれる。量子効果型は感度が高く応答が速いことが特徴で、微弱な放射や変化する放射の測定、また、走査用光学系とともに用いて広がりをもった対象の放射強度のパターンを測定する目的などに適している。検出器としては光電管、光電子増倍管、種々の半導体素子などが用いられる。

[三井清人]

[参照項目] | 放射線検出器

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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