A brand name of synthetic zeolite developed by Linde (now UOP) in the United States, used as a molecular sieve adsorbent and catalyst. It has uniform pore size and is available in many types, such as 3A, 4A, 5A, 10X, and 13X, depending on its crystal structure. It is produced by hydrothermal synthesis, adding alkali (such as Na or Ca) to an aqueous solution of silicon compounds and aluminum compounds. After heating to remove the water of hydration, gases and liquids can be adsorbed through the pores. In this case, because the pore size is uniform, it exhibits a molecular sieve effect in which molecules with an effective diameter larger than the pore size are not adsorbed. In addition, zeolites with a relatively high Al content selectively adsorb polar compounds, and especially strongly adsorb water. Industrially, it is used as a selective adsorbent in methods such as separating n -alkanes from kerosene and diesel, removing n -alkanes from gasoline to produce high-octane gasoline, concentrating para-isomers from xylene mixtures, and selectively removing water, as well as a moisture absorbent and absorbent for carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. In addition to being used as a solid acid catalyst through cation exchange, it is also used as a catalyst or catalyst support that has selectivity based on the molecular shape of the raw material, reaction intermediate, or product. [See other terms] Faujasite, mordenite Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
分子ふるい用吸着剤,触媒などに用いられるアメリカのLinde社(現UOP社)が開発した合成ゼオライトの商品名.均一細孔径をもち,その結晶構造により3A,4A,5A,10X,13Xなど多くの種類がある.ケイ素化合物とアルミニウム化合物の水溶液にアルカリ(NaやCaなど)を添加し,水熱合成法で製造される.加熱して水和水を除いた後の空洞に細孔を通じて,ガスや液体を吸着することができる.この際,細孔径が均一なため,これよりも大きな有効径をもつ分子は吸着されないという分子ふるい作用を示す.また,Alの含有量が比較的多いものは,極性化合物を選択的に吸着し,とくに水を強く吸着する.工業的には,灯油・軽油からn-アルカンの分離,ガソリンからn-アルカンを除いて高オクタン価ガソリンを製造する方法,キシレン混合物からパラ異性体を濃縮する方法,選択的に水を除去する方法などに選択的吸着剤として用いられるほか,吸湿剤,二酸化炭素,硫化水素などの吸収剤などにも用いられる.また,カチオン交換により固体酸触媒として用いられるほか,原料,反応中間体,あるいは生成物の分子形状による選択性をもつ触媒あるいは触媒担体として使われる.[別用語参照]ホージャサイト,モルデナイト 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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