Moseley

British physicist. Educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Oxford. In 1910 he became a laboratory assistant at the University of Manchester, where he carried out experiments measuring beta particles emitted from atoms of radioactive materials under E. Rutherford, mastering techniques related to high vacuum and radioactivity. In 1912 he studied X-ray techniques under W. L. Bragg, after which he began X-ray diffraction experiments, systematically measuring the characteristic X-rays of all elements, and derived Moseley's Law, the relationship between their vibrational frequency and atomic number. He claimed that atomic number can be determined experimentally, and that it is equal to the number of positive charges of an atomic nucleus in Bohr's theory of NHD. He returned to Oxford University at the end of 1913 to continue his research, but when World War I began he volunteered for military service out of a sense of duty as an Eton graduate, and was killed in action at Cape Helles, at the southernmost tip of the Gallipoli (Gelibolu) Peninsula in Turkey.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

イギリスの物理学者．イートン校とオックスフォード大学トリニティ・カレッジで学ぶ．1910年マンチェスター大学の物理学実験助手になり，E. Rutherford(ラザフォード)のもとで放射性物質の原子から放出されるβ粒子の計測実験を行い，高真空と放射能に関する技術を修得した．1912年からW.L. Bragg(ブラッグ)のもとでX線技術を学んだ後，X線の回折実験をはじめ，全元素の特性X線を系統的に測定し，その振動数と原子番号の間の関係式モーズリーの法則を導き，原子番号が実験的に決定でき，しかもそれがN.H.D. Bohr(ボーア)の理論の原子核の正電荷数と等しいと主張した．1913年末にはオックスフォード大学に戻って研究を続けていたが，第一次世界大戦がはじまるとイートン校卒業生の義務感から従軍を志願し，トルコのガリポリ(ゲリボル)半島最南端ヘッレス岬で戦死した．

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