Born September 25, 1944 in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Michael Douglas is an American film actor and producer. His full name is Michael Kirk Douglas. He was born to movie mogul Kirk Douglas and British actress Diana Dill, and learned about filmmaking by accompanying his father on set. After studying drama at the University of California, Santa Barbara, he made his film debut in "Hail, Hero!" (1969). He gained attention for his role in the TV drama "The Streets of San Francisco" (1972), in which he co-starred with veteran actor Karl Malden. He began to stand out as a producer after producing "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" (1975). This film became the second in Hollywood history to win five major Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor (Jack Nicholson), Best Actress (Louise Fletcher), Best Director (Milos Forman), and Best Adapted Screenplay. In Fatal Attraction (1987), one of his most famous works, he played a married man who is relentlessly pursued by the woman he is having an affair with. In Wall Street (1987), he played a ruthless investor with no morals whatsoever, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Actor. Like his father, he is one of the few actors who has achieved success by playing amoral characters. As a producer, he has produced many hits, including Face/Off (1997). Douglas
Douglas, Kirk Born: December 9, 1916, New York, Amsterdam
[Died] February 5, 2020. Los Angeles, California Kirk Douglas. American actor and producer. Real name Issur Danielovitch. Isadore Demsky. He excelled in playing strong-willed, passionate heroes and anti-heroes. His parents were Jewish Russian immigrants. While studying at St. Lawrence University and the American Academy of Dramatic Art, he worked in various jobs such as theater usher, hotel bellboy, waiter, and professional wrestler, and after graduating, he appeared on the Broadway stage as a supporting actor. He served in the Navy from 1943 to 1944, and made his Hollywood debut shortly after being discharged. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as a ruthless boxer in Champion (1949), and began his path to stardom. He was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for Vincente Minnelli's The Bad and the Beautiful (1952) and Lust for Life (1956). He continued to appear in high-quality films such as the Western masterpiece Gunfight at the OK Corral (1957) and Stanley Kubrick's Spartacus (1960), and maintained his status as a top star. In the 1970s, he started directing, directing two films, the pirate comedy Scalawag (1973) and the cynical western Posse (1975). In 1995, he received an Honorary Academy Award. Douglas
Douglass, Frederick Born: February 7, 1817, Maryland
Died: February 20, 1895, Washington, DC
Frederick Douglass. American abolitionist. Formerly known as Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. Born to a black slave woman and a white man. From the age of eight, he worked as a house slave in Baltimore, during which time he learned to read and write thanks to the kindness of his mistress, who ignored state law prohibiting slavery. In 1838, he escaped and moved to Massachusetts, changing his name to Douglass. While working as a laborer, he participated in the abolitionist movement. In 1845, he published "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass". From 1845 to 1847, he made a lecture tour of England and Ireland, arguing not only for the personal emancipation of black slaves, but also for the realization of social and economic equality. He used the funds he gained to buy his own freedom, and from 1847 to 1860, he published the anti-slavery newspaper "North Star" in Rochester, New York (→Abolitionism). During the Civil War, he worked to conscript blacks into the Union Army as an advisor to President Abraham Lincoln, and after the war, he worked to obtain full civil rights for blacks and supported the women's liberation movement. In 1882, he published the final version of his autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Douglass was also the first black man to hold a high-ranking position in the federal government, and served in various positions after the Civil War, including as minister and consul general to Haiti from 1889 to 1891. Douglas
Douglas, Jesse Born: July 3, 1897 in New York, New York
[Died] October 7, 1965, New York, New York Jess Douglas. American mathematician. Studied at the City University of New York and Columbia University, and received his doctorate from Columbia University in 1920. He was a professor at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) at Princeton from 1930 to 1936, and at Columbia University from 1942 to 1954. He taught at the City University of New York from 1955 to 1965. In 1936, at the International Congress of Mathematicians held in Oslo, Norway, he received the first Fields Medal for solving the Plateau problem. The Plateau problem is a problem of finding a surface with a minimal area that has a given boundary. It was proposed in 1760 by Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler and French mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. In 1849, Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau conducted an experiment to create such a minimal surface using a soap film with a wire boundary. The mathematical proof of the existence of minimal surfaces was independently given in 1931 by Douglas and Tibor Rado, a Hungarian-born American mathematician. Douglas further showed that minimal surfaces can be found by refining a classical variational problem. Later, in group theory, he also made important contributions to the determination of finite groups with two generators. Douglas
Douglas, William O. Born October 16, 1898 in Minnesota, Maine
[Died] January 19, 1980, Washington, DC
William O. Douglas. American judge and legal scholar. Full name William Orville Douglas. Known as a defender of civil liberties, he served on the Supreme Court for 36 and a half years, the longest term in American history. After graduating from Whitman College in 1920, he taught briefly, but in 1922 he entered Columbia Law School, graduating at the top of his class in 1925. After working at a Wall Street law firm, he taught law at Columbia and Yale until 1936. In 1936, he became a member of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and the following year he became its chairman. During his term, he also served as an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1939, at the age of 40, he was appointed to the Supreme Court. As one of the progressive justices, he consistently defended civil liberties and freedom of speech, and opposed government censorship and restrictions on the press. He also opposed illegal criminal investigations and coerced confessions from suspects. For this reason, he was criticized by political conservatives and religious fundamentalists. He retired in 1975. He is the author of many books, including "Of Men and Mountains" (1950) and "A Wilderness Bill of Rights" (1965). Douglas
Douglas, Sir James Born: August 15, 1803, Demerara, British Guiana
[Died] August 2, 1877. Victoria, British Columbia. James Douglas. British colonial administrator. Known as the "Father of British Columbia" (→ British Columbia). Educated in Scotland, he joined the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821. He was responsible for North America west of the Rocky Mountains, and in 1849 moved his branch from Oregon to Vancouver Island after the border between the United States and British North America was decided. He served as Governor of Vancouver Island from 1851 to 1863, but during that time, when gold was discovered in the Fraser Valley on the opposite shore, people from the United States and around the world flocked to the island, triggering a gold rush, he extended his authority as Governor to the mainland and worked to maintain order. The British government followed his advice and established the colony of British Columbia on the mainland, and appointed him Governor from 1858 to 1864. In 1864, he retired from all public life and retired to Victoria, which he had built. Douglas
Douglas, Keith Born January 20, 1920, Royal Tunbridge Wells, England
[Died] June 9, 1944, Normandy, France. Keith Douglas. British poet. Full name Keith Castellain Douglas. He studied at Oxford University and was killed in action during the Normandy landings (Operation Overlord) during World War II. The works he wrote while stationed in North Africa (Battle of Al-Alamain) are particularly important. He sincerely explored the nature of life and death with his simple and cool-headed writing. His major works include Alamein to Zem-Zem (1946) and Collected Poems (1951), published posthumously. Selected Poems (1964), a compilation of Douglas's works by Ted Hughes, elevated him to a poet of universal value. Douglas
Douglas, Stephen A. Born April 23, 1813 in Brandon, Vermont
[Died] June 3, 1861, Chicago, Illinois Stephen A. Douglas. American politician. Full name Stephen Arnold Douglas. From 1843 onwards, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senator from Illinois, he advocated territorial expansion to the west and the construction of a transcontinental railroad. His theory of popular sovereignty, which gave each state the right to decide on slavery, was the basis for the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854). When he was re-elected as a U.S. Senator from Illinois in 1858, he engaged in the famous Lincoln-Douglas debate over slavery with Abraham Lincoln. In 1860, he became the Democratic presidential candidate, but was defeated by Lincoln. Just before the Civil War, he tried to reconcile the North and South, but after the war began, he supported Lincoln's idea of a unified nation. Douglas
Douglas, Tommy Born October 20, 1904 in Falkirk, England
[Died] February 24, 1986. Ottawa, Canada. Canadian politician. Full name Thomas Clement Douglas. He immigrated to Canada in 1910 and studied at the University of Manitoba, McMaster University, and the University of Chicago. In 1930, he became a Baptist minister. In 1935, he was elected to the federal House of Representatives as a member of the Cooperative Federalist Party and entered politics. In 1944, the Cooperative Federalist Party won the Saskatchewan Legislature and he became Premier of the province (until 1961). This victory was noted as the birth of the first socialist government in North America, and he carried out a number of social reforms. He served as Premier until 1961, when the New Democratic Party was established and he was nominated to become leader of the party. In 1962, he was elected to the federal House of Representatives again. He retired as leader of the party in 1971, but remained active in politics as a member of parliament until 1979. Douglas
Douglas, Norman Born: December 8, 1868 in Thuringia, Austria
[Died] February 9, 1952. Capri, Italy Norman Douglas. British author. Full name George Norman Douglas. Born into a Scottish landowner of German aristocratic descent, he studied at the gymnasium in Karlsruhe, Germany. In 1893 he became a British diplomat, but left after three years in Russia, and after wandering around India, Italy, and North Africa, he settled on the Italian island of Capri. In addition to his novel South Wind (1917), which depicts the scenery and hedonistic life of the island, he also wrote excellent travelogues such as Siren Land (1911) and Old Calabria (1915), as well as his autobiography Looking Back (1933). Douglas
Douglas, Paul Howard Born March 26, 1892 in Salem, Massachusetts.
[Died] September 24, 1976, Washington, DC
Paul Howard Douglas. American economist and politician. Earned his PhD from Columbia University in 1921. After teaching economics at the University of Washington and other institutions, he served as a professor at the University of Chicago from 1925 to 1948. He was president of the American Economic Association in 1947. He served as a Democratic senator from 1948 to 1966. He had a deep interest in real-world economic issues, and introduced statistical empirical analysis. He is known for his major work, The Theory of Wages (1934), and for inventing the "Cobb-Douglas production function." He joined the Marines during World War II and was wounded in Okinawa. He has written many books, including "Real Wages in the United States 1890-1926" (1930). Douglas
Douglas A city on the Isle of Man, located in the northern central Irish Sea between the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is the administrative centre of the island, which is under the direct control of the British Crown, and is located on the southeast coast of the island. In the 16th century it was only a small fishing port, but in the 18th century it developed rapidly due to smuggling. Historical buildings in the city include Mona Castle (1804) and the Tower of Refuge (1832). The main industry is tourism, making it the tourist centre of the island, with many tourists visiting in June when the international motorcycle race known as the Isle of Man TT Race is held, and in September when the Isle of Man Grand Prix is held. Other industries include precision machinery, beer brewing, and mineral water. There are sea routes from Liverpool, and air routes from London, Liverpool, Manchester, and other areas. Population: 26,218 (2006). Douglas
Douglas, Lloyd C. Born: August 27, 1877 in Columbia, Indiana
[Died] February 13, 1951, Los Angeles, California Lloyd C. Douglas. American novelist. Full name Lloyd Cassel Douglas. He became a Lutheran and then Congregational minister, and began writing novels after he turned 50. His debut novel, The Magnificent Obsession (1929), made him famous. His other works include religious novels such as Forgive Us Our Trespasses (1932) and The Big Fisherman (1948), as well as autobiographies and collections of sermons. Douglas
Douglas, Archibald Lucius Born: February 8, 1842, Quebec, Canada
[Died] April 12, 1913. Archibald Lucius Douglas, Newnham, England. British advisor to Japan (→ Foreigner employed by the government). He was a lieutenant colonel in the Royal Marines, and in July 1873, he was invited by the Japanese government to take up the post of head of the Royal Navy's teaching corps. He was employed by the Navy Ministry, and oversaw the education of officers at the Military Academy, from formulating regulations to organizing courses. At the same time, he proposed the need for training voyages to the Ministry, which was adopted. In this way, he established the British naval organization, but before his term ended, he resigned in 1875 and returned to Japan. He later became an admiral. Douglas
Douglas, Sir James [Born] Around 1286
[Died] August 25, 1330. James Douglas, Spain. Ancestor of the Scottish noble family Douglas. Commonly known as Black Douglas. Serving Robert I the Bruce, he made a great contribution in the war against England, and destroyed the army of King Edward II of England at the Battle of Bannockburn in June 1314. After that, he repeatedly attacked England. After the death of Robert I in 1329, he took the heart of Robert I with him on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, but was killed in battle against the Berbers on the Iberian Peninsula. Douglas
Douglas, Gawin [Born] Around 1475
[Died] September 1522, London. Gavin Douglas, Scottish poet and clergyman. His works include two allegorical poems, The Palace of Honour (1501) and King Hart, as well as a translation of Virgil's Aeneid. Douglas
Douglas A city in southeastern Arizona, United States. The main street of the city forms the border with Mexico, and on the other side is the city of Agua Prieta. It was founded in 1900 as a copper smelting town, and later, with the development of irrigation, livestock farming and agriculture began to take place. Population 12,822 (1990). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
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