Policy-based finance

Japanese: 政策金融 - せいさくきんゆう
Policy-based finance

One of the economic policy tools, it refers to the loaning of government funds through government-affiliated financial institutions. Other economic policy tools include subsidies and tax exemptions, but policy finance is characterized by the fact that the borrower is responsible for repaying the principal and interest, and the target of the policy is the individual. Policy finance is significant in complementing private finance, but even in this case, it is considered that it should focus on qualitative complementation rather than quantitative complementation. Qualitative complementation includes lowering lending interest rates and extending lending periods compared to private finance, as well as lending to areas that are not covered by private finance but require the allocation of funds due to economic policy. Targets of policy finance in Japan include strategic industry finance (including research and development), regional development finance, small and medium-sized enterprise finance, agriculture, forestry and fisheries finance, housing finance, local public enterprise finance, and overseas investment finance. Until March 2001, funds collected through postal savings, pension reserves, etc. were automatically transferred to government financial institutions and other FILP institutions via the Fund Management Department. However, in April of the same year, reforms to the FILP system were implemented, and in principle government financial institutions were required to raise funds directly from financial markets by issuing FILP agency bonds.

[Shiro Hara and Osamu Kitai]

"Iwata Kazumasa and Fukao Mitsuhiro (eds.), "Series: Contemporary Economic Studies 15: Economic Analysis of Fiscal Investment and Loan Programs" (1998, Nihon Keizai Shimbun) " "Takahashi Yoichi, "The Economics of Fiscal Investment and Loan Program Reform" (2007, Toyo Keizai Inc.)" "Tomita Toshiki, "The Truth and Lies of Fiscal Investment and Loan Program Reform" (2008, Toyo Keizai Inc.)"

[Reference] | Economic policy | Fiscal investment and loan program | Institutional finance | Government financial institutions

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

経済政策の手段の一つで、政府資金を政府系金融機関を通じて貸し出すことをいう。経済政策の手段としては、ほかに補助金や減免税などがあるが、政策金融は借り手が元利金を返済するという意味で、政策対象者が自己責任をもつところに特徴がある。政策金融は民間金融を補完することに意義をもつが、その場合でも量的補完よりは質的補完に徹すべきだとされている。質的補完の内容としては、民間金融より貸出金利を低くするとか、貸出期間を長期化することのほか、民間金融が対象としないが、経済政策上資金の配分を必要とする分野に融資することなどがあげられる。日本の政策金融の対象としては、戦略産業金融(研究開発を含む)、地域開発金融、中小企業金融、農林漁業金融、住宅金融、地方公営企業金融、海外投資金融などがあげられる。2001年(平成13)3月までは郵便貯金や年金積立金などを通じて集められた資金が資金運用部を経由して自動的に政府金融機関などの財政投融資機関へと流れる仕組みであったが、同年4月からは財政投融資制度改革が実施され、政府金融機関は財投機関債を発行することにより、直接、金融市場から資金を調達することが原則とされた。

[原 司郎・北井 修]

『岩田一政・深尾光洋編『シリーズ・現代経済研究15 財政投融資の経済分析』(1998・日本経済新聞社)』『高橋洋一著『財投改革の経済学』(2007・東洋経済新報社)』『富田俊基著『財投改革の虚と実』(2008・東洋経済新報社)』

[参照項目] | 経済政策 | 財政投融資 | 制度金融 | 政府金融機関

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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