Mercier, Désiré Joseph

Japanese: メルシエ（英語表記）Mercier， Désiré Joseph

Born: November 21, 1851, Brenral
Died January 23, 1926. Brussels. Belgian Roman Catholic philosopher and cardinal. He studied at the Marine Seminary and the University of Leuven, and became a priest in 1874. He was professor of philosophy at the Marine Seminary from 1877 to 1882. In accordance with the encyclical "Eterni Patrice", he became the first professor of the Thomas Philosophy Chair at the University of Leuven in 1882. In 1994, he founded the Institute of Advanced Philosophy at the university and became its director. He also launched the "New Scholastic Magazine" Revue néoscolastique, and Leuven became the center of New Scholastic philosophy. He became Archbishop of Marine in 1906 and cardinal in 1907. During World War I, he became a spokesman for the Belgian people against German aggression. In 1919, he was invited to visit the United States and Canada. He also showed an interest in the movement for church unification, and from 1921 to 1925, he held dialogues with the Church of England at Marine. He actively incorporated the results of modern science and worked hard to modernize Thomism, criticizing the mainstream philosophical trends of the time, such as Neo-Kantianism and positivism. He made a great contribution to reviving Christian philosophy, which had been in decline for a long time. His main works are Les origines de la psychologie contemporaine (1897) and Traitéélémentaire de la philosophie (2 volumes, 1905, co-authored).

Mercier
Mercier, Louis Sébastien

Born: June 1740, Paris
Died: April 25, 1814. Paris. French playwright, journalist, and novelist. Modeled on Diderot's "Civil Plays," he wrote Jeanneval (1769), Le Déserteur (The Deserter) (published in 1770, performed in 1882), and many other plays. He developed Diderot's theory in Essai sur l'art dramatique (73). His futuristic novel L'An 2440 (70) displays his bold ideas and sharp sensibility. He also wrote Le Tableau de Paris (12 volumes, 81-88), a large work consisting of records of social customs and various essays. He was one of the pioneers of the Romantic movement and a fierce attack on classicism.

Mercier
Mercier, Honoré

Born October 15, 1840 in Santa Ana, Lower Canada
Died October 30, 1894. Montreal. Canadian politician. Premier of Quebec (in office 1887-91). Known for his strong defense of French Canadian rights. After working as a journalist and lawyer, he was elected to the House of Commons in 1872 as a member of the National Party. In 1883, he became leader of the Quebec Liberal Party, and by advocating provincial rights, he defeated the Conservative Party and took charge of the Quebec government. However, his overly radical words and actions not only drew a backlash from British Canadians, but also put him at odds with the federal and other provinces' Liberal parties.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1851.11.21. ブレンラル
[没]1926.1.23. ブリュッセル
ベルギーのローマ・カトリック哲学者，枢機卿。マリーヌ神学校とルーバン大学で学び，1874年司祭。 77～82年マリーヌ神学校哲学教授。回勅「エテルニ・パトリス」に従って，82年ルーバン大学に設置されたトマス哲学の講座の初代教授となった。 94年大学内に高等哲学研究所を創立して所長となり，『新スコラ学雑誌』 Revue néoscolastiqueを創刊，ルーバンは新スコラ哲学の中心地となった。 1906年マリーヌ大司教，07年枢機卿となり，第1次世界大戦中はドイツの侵略に反対してベルギー国民の代弁者となった。 19年招かれてアメリカとカナダを訪問。教会合同運動にも関心を示し，21～25年マリーヌでイギリス国教会との対話を行なった。現代科学の成果を積極的に取入れつつトミズムの現代化に尽力し，新カント派，実証主義など当時の哲学の主潮を批判。長らく低迷していたキリスト教の哲学を興隆させた功績は大きい。主著『現代心理学の起源』 Les origines de la psychologie contemporaine (1897) ，『哲学要説』 Traitéélémentaire de la philosophie (2巻，1905，共著) 。

メルシエ
Mercier， Louis Sébastien

[生]1740.6. パリ
[没]1814.4.25. パリ
フランスの劇作家，ジャーナリスト，小説家。ディドロの「市民劇」にならって『ジェヌバル』 Jeanneval (1769) ，『脱走兵』 Le Déserteur (70刊，82上演) ほか多くの戯曲を書き，『演劇論』 Essai sur l'art dramatique (73) でディドロの理論を発展させた。また未来小説『2440年』L'An 2440 (70) では，大胆な発想と鋭い感受性を示している。ほかに，社会風俗の記録と種々のエッセーから成る大著『パリ風景』 Le Tableau de Paris (12巻，81～88) がある。ロマン主義運動の先駆者の一人で，古典主義を激しく攻撃した。

メルシエ
Mercier， Honoré

[生]1840.10.15. ローワーカナダ，サンタナス
[没]1894.10.30. モントリオール
カナダの政治家。ケベック州首相 (在任 1887～91) 。フランス系カナダ人の権利を強力に擁護したことで知られる。ジャーナリストと弁護士を経て，1872年国民党からカナダ下院に選出された。 83年ケベック自由党党首となり，州権主義を主張して保守党を破り，ケベック州の政権を担当するが，彼のあまりにも過激な言動はイギリス系カナダ人の反発を買ったばかりではなく，連邦および他州の自由党とも相いれなかった。

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