...It was developed for the purpose of investigating the function and chemical composition of cell components such as organelles. The cells are mechanically disrupted (called cell homogenization) to obtain homogenous fractions that are as close to the in vivo state as possible. Generally, cells are disrupted in a non-electrolyte solvent that does not affect the function of proteins such as enzymes, usually a cooled isotonic solution of sucrose, to produce a homogenate, and each intracellular component such as organelles is fractionated from this homogenate based on differences in size, shape, density, etc. Differential centrifugation is used to mainly address size differences by applying different centrifugal forces to the sample in stages to fractionate larger organelles (especially nuclei, which are large and heavy and therefore precipitate at low centrifugal forces). ... *Some terminology explanations that mention "homogenate" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…細胞小器官など細胞構成要素の働きや化学的組成を調べる目的で開発されたもので,細胞を機械的に破砕(細胞破砕cell homogenizationという)し,できるだけ生体内の状態のまま,均一な分画をうるようにくふうされている。一般に,酵素などのタンパク質の機能に影響を与えない非電解質の溶媒,通常はショ糖の冷却等張溶液中で細胞破砕してホモジェネートhomogenate(細胞破砕液)にし,このホモジェネートから細胞小器官などの各細胞内構成要素を大きさ,形状,密度などの違いによって分画している。主として大きさの違いに対しては,試料に異なる遠心力を段階的に作用させて,大きい細胞小器官(とくに核は大きく重いので低い遠心力で沈殿する)から分画していく分画遠心法differential centrifugationが用いられる。… ※「homogenate」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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