A device for pinching the strings of a stringed instrument and for accurately positioning the finger (kansho). In the lute family, the fret is located on the fingerboard of the neck, while in the zither family, the fret is located on the soundboard of the body, running across the strings. In Europe, frets began to be used after the Middle Ages, and at first, movable ones with gut strings wrapped once or twice were used for lutes. Later, instruments with long, thin pieces of wood, metal, ivory, etc. fixed to the fingerboard, like today's guitars and mandolins, were developed. Meanwhile, in the Middle East and Asia, frets have been used since before the Common Era, and even today, unique developments have been seen in instruments such as the Indian sitar, which has a movable neck sandwiched between arched metal rods, and the tall fixed ones like the pillars of a biwa. [Akiko Kawaguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
弦鳴楽器の弦をくぎり、押弦の位置(勘所)を正確にするための装置。リュート属ではネック(棹(さお))の指板上に、チター属では胴の響板上に、弦を横切る方向に設けられている。ヨーロッパでは中世以後フレットが用いられ始め、初めはガット弦を1~2回巻き結んだだけの可動のものがリュートなどに使われた。その後、今日のギターやマンドリンのように、木や金属、象牙(ぞうげ)などの細長い小片を指板上に固定させるものも生まれた。一方、中東やアジアではすでに紀元前からフレットが使われており、今日でもインドのシタールのようにアーチ状の金属棒で棹を挟み込んだ可動式のものや、琵琶(びわ)の柱(じ)のように背の高い固定式のものなど、独特の発達をみせている。 [川口明子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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