Messenia - Messenia (English spelling)

Japanese: メッセニア - めっせにあ(英語表記)Messenía
Messenia - Messenia (English spelling)

The name of a region in the southwest of the Peloponnese Peninsula in southern Greece. It borders Laconia to the east, Arcadia and Elis to the north, and the Ionian Sea to the south and west. The Pamisos River basin has been a fertile and strategic area since ancient times. Currently, it comprises a prefecture, with Kalamata (old name: Kalamai) at the back of the Gulf of Messenia as its capital. The prefecture has an area of ​​2,991 square kilometers and a population of 175,400 (estimated 2003). Oranges, lemons, almonds, figs, grapes, and olives are produced.

[Tomoko Mashita]

history

There are also remains from the Neolithic period, but the Pylos Kingdom flourished during the Mycenaean period. The deciphering of Linear B on a clay tablet excavated from the remains of the royal palace contributed greatly to elucidating the social structure of Mycenaean Greece. It is said that the Dorians invaded and settled in this area around 1000 BC. In the second half of the 8th century BC, the people living in the Steniklaros Plain were conquered by Sparta, who were also of Doric descent, and made into helots (subjugated peasants) (First Messenian War). In the mid-7th century BC, the Messenians fought to regain or maintain their independence with the support of Arcadia and Argos, but were defeated. In 464 BC, they revolted in the wake of a major earthquake, but this also failed. Finally, in 369 BC, they regained their independence at the hands of the Boeotian city of Thebes.

[Masato Furuyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア南部、ペロポネソス半島南西部の地方名。東はラコニア、北はアルカディア、エリス、南と西はイオニア海に接する。パミソス川流域は古来肥沃(ひよく)な要地である。現在は一県をなし、メッセニア湾奥のカラマタ(古称カラマイ)が県都。県は面積2991平方キロメートル、人口17万5400(2003推計)。オレンジ、レモン、アーモンド、イチジク、ブドウ、オリーブを産出。

[真下とも子]

歴史

新石器時代の遺跡もあるが、ミケーネ時代にはピロス王国が栄えた。王宮跡から出土した粘土板の線文字Bの解読は、ミケーネ時代ギリシアの社会構造解明に大きく寄与した。紀元前1000年ごろにはドーリス人がこの地に侵入・定住したという。前8世紀後半にステニクラーロス平野に住む人々は同じドーリス系のスパルタによって征服され、ヘイロタイ(隷属農民)とされた(第一次メッセニア戦争)。前7世紀中ごろに、メッセニア人はアルカディアやアルゴスの支援で、独立を回復あるいは維持するために戦ったが敗れた。前464年には大地震を契機に蜂起(ほうき)したが、これも失敗した。ようやく前369年、ボイオティアの都市テーベ(テバイ)によって独立を回復した。

[古山正人]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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