Strasburger, Eduard Adolf

Japanese: シュトラスブルガー(英語表記)Strasburger, Eduard Adolf
Strasburger, Eduard Adolf
Born: February 1, 1844 in Warsaw
Died May 18, 1912. Bonn. German botanist and cytologist. Studied at the universities of Paris, Bonn, and Jena, and obtained his doctorate from the University of Jena in 1866. After graduating from the University of Warsaw (1868) and the University of Jena (1869-1980), he became a professor at the University of Bonn (1880-1912), and built the university into a world center for cytological research. He made numerous achievements in plant anatomy and cytology. He discovered embryo sacs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. He observed double fertilization in angiosperms. He studied the developmental process of gymnosperms, discovered cell division and nuclear division, and further demonstrated that chromosomes increase in number by longitudinal fission. He incorporated these findings into his work Über Zellbildung und Zelltheilung (Formation and Division of the Cell) (first published in 1876), and in the third edition he established the fundamental principle of cytology that cell nuclei are formed only by the division of existing cell nuclei (1880). In 1884, based on his observations of fertilization, he showed that the mechanism of heredity resides in the cell nucleus. In 1888, he demonstrated that the number of chromosomes is halved during cell division in the formation of reproductive cells. This series of discoveries suggested that the cell nucleus and chromosomes are the mechanism of heredity, and had a decisive influence on the development of genetics. His Lehrbuch der Botanik (94), co-authored with other botanists, has been reprinted many times and translated into many languages, becoming a widely read standard textbook on botany.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1844.2.1. ワルシャワ
[没]1912.5.18. ボン
ドイツの植物学者,細胞学者。パリ,ボン,イェナ各大学に学び,1866年イェナ大学で学位取得。ワルシャワ大学 (1868) ,イェナ大学 (69~80) を経て,ボン大学の教授となって (80~1912) ,同大学を細胞学研究の世界的な中心地に育て上げた。植物解剖学,細胞学で幾多の業績を残している。裸子植物,被子植物の両方で胚嚢を発見。被子植物での重複受精を観察。裸子植物の発生過程を研究して,細胞分裂や核分裂が起るのを見つけ,さらに染色体が縦裂することによってその数を増すことを明らかにした。これらの研究成果を盛込んで『細胞の形成と細胞分裂』 Über Zellbildung und Zelltheilung (初版 1876) を書いて,その第3版で,細胞核は既存の細胞核の分裂によってのみ形成されるという細胞学の基本原則を打立てた (80) 。 84年には受精の観察に基づいて,遺伝の機構が細胞核に存在することを示す。 88年生殖細胞形成の際の細胞分裂では染色体の数が半減することを明らかにした。これら一連の発見は,細胞核および染色体が遺伝の機構をになっていることを示唆するものであり,遺伝学の形成に決定的な影響を与えることとなった。植物学者たちとの共著『植物学教科書』 Lehrbuch der Botanik (94) は,版を重ね,また各国語に訳されて,植物学の標準的教科書として広く読まれた。

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