Mechnikov, Il'ya (Metchnikoff, Élie)

Japanese: メチニコフ(英語表記)Mechnikov, Il'ya(Metchnikoff, Élie)
Mechnikov, Il'ya (Metchnikoff, Élie)
Born: May 15, 1845, Kharkov, Ivanovka
[Died] July 16, 1916. Paris. Russian microbiologist. Graduated from Kharkov University in 1864. Lecturer in zoology at both St. Petersburg and Odessa universities, and professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at Odessa University in 1870. In 1882, he began research on microorganisms in Messina, Italy, where he discovered cells that perform phagocytosis in starfish, naming them phagocytes. From 1886, he served as director of the Odessa Institute of Microbiology for one year, and in 1988, he began collaborative research with L. Pasteur in Paris. By 1992, he had compiled research on phagocytes, revealing that phagocytosis is the first defense reaction that appears when most animals, including humans, become acutely infected, and in 1901 published his major work, L'immunité dans les maladies infectieuses (Immunity in Infectious Diseases). He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008 together with P. Ehrlich for their research on immunity (discovery of the role of phagocytes). In his later years, he focused on the relationship between intestinal bacteria and longevity. He devoted the rest of his life to research on lactic acid-producing bacteria.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1845.5.15. ハリコフ,イワノフカ
[没]1916.7.16. パリ
ロシアの微生物学者。 1864年ハリコフ大学卒業。ペテルブルグとオデッサ両大学の動物学講師,70年オデッサ大学動物学と比較解剖学教授。 82年イタリアのメッシーナで微生物の研究を始め,食作用をする細胞をヒトデで発見し,これを食細胞と名づけた。 86年から1年間オデッサの微生物研究所所長となり,88年にはパリで L.パスツールとの共同研究に入った。 92年までに食細胞の研究をまとめ,ヒトを含むほとんどの動物が急性感染を起したとき,最初に現れる防御反応が食作用であることを明らかにし,1901年に主著『感染病の免疫』L'immunité dans les maladies infectieusesを出した。免疫の研究 (食細胞の役割の発見) で P.エールリヒとともに 08年のノーベル生理学・医学賞を受けた。晩年には腸内細菌と長寿との関係に注目。乳酸産生菌の研究に余生を捧げた。

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