Guarana - guarana (English spelling)

Japanese: ガラナ - がらな(英語表記)guarana
Guarana - guarana (English spelling)

Fujimoto (Touhon) of the Sapindaceae family (APG classification: Sapindaceae). Native to the Amazon River basin in Brazil. The leaves are pinnately compound with 5 leaflets, and alternate on long petioles. The flower stalks grow from the axils, and the flowers grow in spikes. They flower from July to August, and the fruit ripens three months later. The seeds are globular, brown, shiny, and just under 1 cm in diameter. They contain about three times as much caffeine as coffee (4.3%). The fruits are piled up and fermented, and the seeds are removed, roasted and ground into powder, kneaded with cacao or tapioca starch and water to form cylindrical sausage-like shapes, and smoke-dried, becoming reddish-brown and extremely hard. This is the finished product, guarana, which contains 5% caffeine and 8.5% paullinia tannins, and is used for drinking and medicinal purposes.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika September 17, 2020]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ムクロジ科(APG分類:ムクロジ科)の藤本(とうほん)。ブラジルのアマゾン川流域原産。葉は5小葉からなる羽状複葉で、長い葉柄で互生する。葉腋(ようえき)から花軸を出し、穂状に花をつける。花期は7~8月で、3か月後に果実が熟す。種子は球形、褐色で表面は光沢があり、径は1センチメートル弱。種子にコーヒーの約3倍(4.3%)のカフェインを含む。果実を積み上げて発酵させて種子を取り出し、炒(い)って粉にして、カカオまたはタピオカデンプンとともに水で練ってソーセージほどの円筒形にし、薫煙乾燥すると、赤褐色できわめて固くなる。これが製品のガラナで、カフェインは5%、そのほかパウリニア・タンニン8.5%などを含み、飲用、薬用にする。

[星川清親 2020年9月17日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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