This is the fundamental scripture of Pure Land Buddhism. It was translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva around 402. It is counted as one of the "Three Pure Land Sutras" along with the "Amitabha Sutra" and the "Amitabha Sutra," and is abbreviated to "Small Sutra" in contrast to the "Amitabha Sutra" which is called the "Large Sutra." It was originally written in Sanskrit and called Sukhāvatī-vyūha (Splendor of Paradise), but it is believed to have been created in northwest India around 100 AD. Currently, the original text has been lost in India, and only the version that was brought to Japan in Siddham script remains. There is also a surviving Chinese translation of the Sutra of Praise of the Pure Land Buddha, translated by Xuanzang in 650, but Kumarajiva's translation is used more in China and Japan, and is considered one of the fundamental scriptures by the Pure Land Buddhist sects in particular. Another variant is the Tibetan translation of the Mahayana Sutra called "The Splendor of the Holy Paradise" in the first half of the 9th century. Compared to the Sanskrit original, Kumarajiva's translation is closest, followed by the Tibetan translation, and Xuanzang's translation has been expanded considerably. The contents of this sutra describe the magnificent scenery (splendor) of the Western Paradise, the Pure Land of Amida Buddha, and preach the practice of chanting the name of Amida Buddha with all one's heart (nembutsu) in order to be reborn in this Pure Land. It also states that the Buddhas of the six directions praise this practice, and thus clarifies the idea of rebirth in the Pure Land in a simple and concise manner. In particular, Kumarajiva's translation, with its elegant prose, became one of the most commonly recited sutras in China and Japan, and played a role in spreading Pure Land faith widely. There have also been a great many commentaries on it since ancient times. [Hirotaka Fujita] "Hiroshi Fujita's translation of Sanskrit-Japanese translation of the Sutra of Immeasurable Life and the Sutra of Amitabha (1975, Hozokan)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
浄土教の根本聖典。鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)が402年ころ漢訳したもの。『無量寿経(むりょうじゅきょう)』『観無量寿経』とともに「浄土三部経」の一つに数えられ、『無量寿経』を『大経』とよぶのに対して『小経』と略称する。もとはサンスクリット語で書かれ、スカーバティー・ビューハSukhāvatī-vyūha(極楽(ごくらく)の荘厳(しょうごん))というが、おそらく西暦100年ころ北西インドにおいて成立したものと推定される。現在、この原典はインドでは散逸し、悉曇(しったん)文字で日本に伝えられたものだけが残っている。漢訳には、玄奘(げんじょう)が650年に訳した『称讃(しょうさん)浄土仏摂受(しょうじゅ)経』も現存しているが、中国、日本ではもっぱら鳩摩羅什訳のほうが用いられ、とくに浄土教諸宗派では、これを所依の根本経典の一つとして重視した。9世紀前半にチベット訳された『聖なる極楽の荘厳と名づけられる大乗経』も異本である。サンスクリット原典と対比すると、鳩摩羅什訳がもっとも近く、チベット訳がこれに次ぎ、玄奘訳はかなり増広されている。 本経の内容は、阿弥陀仏(あみだぶつ)の浄土である西方極楽世界の優れた光景(荘厳)を描写し、この浄土に往生するために阿弥陀仏の名号を一心に念ずること(念仏)を説き、六方世界の諸仏もこのことを称賛しているとして、浄土往生思想を簡潔平易に明らかにしている。とくに鳩摩羅什訳は、その流麗な訳文とあいまって、中国、日本では代表的な読誦(どくじゅ)経典の一つとなり、浄土信仰を広く流布せしめる役割を果たした。その注釈書も古来非常に多い。 [藤田宏達] 『藤田宏達訳『梵文和訳 無量寿経・阿弥陀経』(1975・法蔵館)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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