Anthrax - anthracnose

Japanese: 炭疽病 - たんそびょう(英語表記)anthracnose
Anthrax - anthracnose

This disease occurs on the leaves, branches, fruits, and seeds of useful plants such as grains, beans, vegetables, fruit trees, and trees. On leaves, it causes light brown to dark brown, circular lesions, while on fleshy parts such as fruit, it causes brown to dark brown, circular, sunken lesions, and later a characteristic pink to salmon-colored slime (masses of conidia) appears on the surface of the lesions. The causative agent is Colletotrichum , which belongs to the fungi imperfecti, or a filamentous fungus (mold) of the genus Glomerella , which is the perfect stage of these fungi, and there are nearly 70 species known in Japan. Representative examples include anthracnose of wheat, corn, and grasses (caused by C. graminicola ), anthracnose of kidney beans and cowpeas (caused by C. lindemuthianum ), anthracnose of gourds such as cucumbers and watermelons (caused by C. orbiculare ), anthracnose of citrus fruits, chrysanthemums, marigolds, and orchids (cattleya and dendrobium) (caused by C. gloeosporioides ), anthracnose of strawberries and flowers such as begonias, cosmos, and anemones (caused by C. acutatum ), and anthracnose of apples, pears, persimmons, peppers, and cymbidiums (caused by Glomerella cingulata ). In addition to removing diseased plants, fungicides such as organocopper agents, TPN agents, triazine agents, benomyl agents, and mancozeb agents can be sprayed to control the disease.

[Toshihiro Kajiwara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

穀類、豆類、野菜、果樹、樹木など有用植物の葉、枝、果実、種子などに発生する病気。葉では淡褐色ないし黒褐色の類円形の病斑(びょうはん)を、果実など多肉の部分では褐色から暗褐色のへこんだ円形の病斑をつくり、のちに病斑の表面に桃色ないし鮭肉色(けいにくしょく)の特徴のある粘質物(分生胞子の塊)を生ずる。病原は不完全菌類に属するコレトトリクムColletotrichum、またはこれらの完全時代であるグロメレラGlomerella属の糸状菌(カビ)で、日本では70種近くの種が知られている。代表的なものは、コムギ、トウモロコシおよびイネ科牧草の炭疽病(C. graminicolaによる)、インゲンマメ、ササゲの炭疽病(C. lindemuthianumによる)、キュウリ、スイカなどのウリ類の炭疽病(C. orbiculareによる)、柑橘(かんきつ)類、シュンギク、キンセンカ、ラン類(カトレア、デンドロビウム)の炭疽病(C. gloeosporioidesによる)、イチゴおよびベゴニア、コスモス、アネモネなど花類の炭疽病(C. acutatumによる)、リンゴ、ナシ、カキ、ピーマン、シンビジウムの炭疽病(Glomerella cingulataによる)などがある。病植物を除去するほか、有機銅剤、TPN剤、トリアジン剤、ベノミル剤、マンゼブ剤などの殺菌剤を散布して防除する。

[梶原敏宏]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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