Megarian school

Japanese: メガラ学派 - めがらがくは(英語表記)Megarian school
Megarian school

A Greek philosophical school in the 4th century BC. One of the schools of Socrates Minor. Founded by Euclides of Megara. He is said to have put forward the Eleatic-style theory that there is only one good thing, but at the same time he was skilled in sophistic refutation. For this reason, he is also known as the "Controversial School." This school produced Eubulides, who came up with the "Liar's Paradox" (Epimenides' Lie) and other difficult logical problems, his student Diodorus Cronus, and Stilpon, who is said to have been the person who most enhanced the school's reputation. They seem to have made various logical criticisms of the philosophical theories of Plato and Aristotle. Diodorus and Stilpon are also known as the teachers who taught Zeno, the founder of the Stoics, how to answer questions. The significance of the Megarian school is that its logic was inherited and refined by the Stoics, creating a new logic. It was a propositional logic that dealt with the relationship between propositions, as opposed to Aristotle's logic which dealt with the relationship between predicates (terms).

[Tanaka Takahide]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

紀元前4世紀のギリシアの哲学の一派。小ソクラテス学派の一つ。メガラのエウクレイデスが開いた。彼はただ一つ善なるものが存在するという、エレア派的な説をなしたらしいが、同時に詭弁(きべん)的論駁(ろんばく)を得意とした。そのため別名を「争論派」ともよばれる。この派から、「嘘(うそ)つきのパラドックス」(エピメニデスの嘘)ほかの論理的難問を案出したエウブリデス、その弟子ディオドーロス・クロノス、この派の評判をもっとも高めたというスティルポンなどが出た。彼らはプラトンやアリストテレスの哲学説に対して、さまざまな論理的批判を加えたらしい。またディオドーロスとスティルポンは、ストア学派の創立者のゼノンに問答法を教えた師として知られる。メガラ派の意義は、その論理がストア学派に継承され整備されて、新しい論理学を生み出した点にある。それは、述語(名辞)の関係を対象としたアリストテレスの論理学と異なり、命題と命題の関係を扱う命題論理学であった。

[田中享英]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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