Microtia

Japanese: 小耳症 - しょうじしょう(英語表記)Microtia
Microtia

What is the disease?

Auricle ( Next ) It is a congenital malformation in which the ear canal is extremely small, and is often accompanied by malformations of the outer and middle ear, which can lead to hearing loss. Ear canal atresia ( Foreign Affairs Agency ) This is often accompanied by (Figure 4).

In most cases of hearing loss, there is no significant problem with the hearing nerves, but rather with the function of transmitting sound. Conductive hearing loss ( Electricity ) Therefore, if the surgery goes well, there is a possibility that some degree of hearing improvement will be seen.

Treatment methods

Treatment involves surgery to reshape the ear, but careful planning of the surgery, including the timing, is required. Costal cartilage ( Raw pork belly ) Other options include rib cartilage from blood relatives such as the mother, or silicone, but it has been reported that the best results are obtained from the patient's own rib cartilage. Therefore, it is considered that the best time to have surgery is around the age of 10, when a large enough piece of rib cartilage can be taken from the patient themselves.

In addition, generally, the size of the auricle reaches almost adult size at around the age of 10, so another reason for performing surgery at around the age of 10 is that the size and shape of the microtia ear can be modeled after the normal ear.

The surgery involves taking rib cartilage, shaping it into the shape of an ear, and then embedding it under the skin. However, there is not enough skin to insert the rib cartilage as it is. Therefore, one of the following two methods is used.

One is to transplant skin from the inside of the patient's thigh. The other is a method that is often used in plastic surgery these days, where the skin is gradually stretched using a device called a tissue expander, and then costal cartilage is implanted after waiting about 3 to 6 months until there is enough skin space.

Either method requires multiple surgeries.

Akimine Nakayama

Figure 4 Microtia (with accompanying ear canal atresia)
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Figure 4 Microtia (with accompanying ear canal atresia)


Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia

Japanese:

どんな病気か

 耳介(じかい)が著しく小さい先天奇形で、多くの場合、外耳・中耳の奇形を伴い、難聴を合併することがあります。また、外耳が完全に消失する外耳道閉鎖症(がいじどうへいさしょう)もしばしば伴います(図4)。

 難聴を伴う場合、ほとんどの例で聞こえの神経にはさほどの問題はなく、音を伝える機能に問題がある伝音難聴(でんおんなんちょう)となっています。そのため、手術がうまくいけばある程度の聴力の改善がみられる可能性があります。

治療の方法

 治療は耳介を形成する手術を行いますが、時期を含めた慎重な手術計画が必要になります。耳介の形を作るものとして、患者さん自身の肋軟骨(ろくなんこつ)、母親など血縁者の肋軟骨、シリコンなどがありますが、患者さん自身の肋軟骨が最も良い結果を得ると報告されています。そのため、患者さん自身から十分な大きさの肋軟骨をとることができる10歳前後がベストな手術時期と考えられています。

 また、一般的には10歳前後になると耳介の大きさがほぼ成人の大きさに達するので、正常な側の耳の大きさや形をモデルに小耳症側を形成することができることも、10歳前後に手術する理由のひとつです。

 手術は肋軟骨を採取し耳介の形に細工したものを皮膚の下に埋め込みます。しかし、そのままでは皮膚に余裕がなく、肋軟骨を入れることができません。そこで次の2ついずれかの方法がとられます。

 ひとつは患者さんの大腿部内側から皮膚を移植する方法です。もうひとつは、最近形成外科で頻繁に行われる方法で、ティッシュエキスパンダーという装置で徐々に皮膚を伸ばし、ある程度皮膚に余裕ができるまで約3~6カ月待って、肋軟骨を埋め込む方法です。

 いずれの方法も、手術を数回に分けて行うことになります。

中山 明峰

図4 小耳症(外耳道閉鎖症を併発)
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図4 小耳症(外耳道閉鎖症を併発)


出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報

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