Also called a shuttleless loom. A loom that inserts the weft without using a shuttle. In a normal loom, the weft is inserted by passing a shuttle containing the weft thread between the warp threads, so it is difficult to increase the speed of the loom because the speed of the shuttle is limited. This loom was invented to solve this problem, and high-speed looms can operate at about twice the speed of a normal loom. There are the following types. (1) Rapier loom A loom that uses a thin, spear-like rod or plate (steel bar, tape, etc.) to pull the weft thread from the thread package outside the shed and pass it through the shed. (2) Gripper loom A lightweight gripper (grabbing shuttle) grabs the end of the weft thread from one side of the loom and passes it through the shed. (3) Jet loom This is a method in which the weft thread is placed directly on a fluid (jet) and passed through a shed without using a substitute for a shuttle. Those that use a water jet are called water jet looms, and those that use an air jet are called air jet looms. Water jet looms use water, so their use is limited to weaving hydrophobic fibers, mainly synthetic fibers, and air jet looms have the disadvantage that they are not suitable for weaving wide widths because the fluid diffuses widely, but improvements have been made in recent years. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
杼無 (ひなし) 織機ともいう。杼 (シャットル) を使わないで緯入れをする機構の織機。普通の織機では経 (たて) 糸の間を,緯 (よこ) 糸を内蔵する杼をくぐらせて緯入れをするので,織機の高速化は杼の飛走速度に限定されて困難であった。これを解決するために考案されたもので,高速のものは普通織機の2倍程度の高速運転ができる。次の種類がある。 (1) レピア織機 槍のような細い棒状あるいは板状のもの (スチール製のバー,テープなど) で杼口外の糸パッケージから緯糸を引出し,杼口へ通す方式のもの。 (2) グリッパー織機 織機の一方から軽量のグリッパー (つかみシャットル) が緯糸の端をつかんで飛走し,杼口に緯糸を通す方式のもの。 (3) ジェットルーム 杼の代替物を用いずに,直接的に流体 (噴流) に緯糸をのせて杼口を貫通させる方式のもので,水流を利用するものをウォータージェットルーム,空気噴流を利用するものをエアジェットルームと呼ぶ。ウォータージェットルームは水を利用するため疎水性の繊維,おもに合成繊維の製織に利用が限られており,エアジェットルームは流体の拡散が大きいのであまり広幅の製織には向かないなどの難点があるが,近年は改良が進んでいる。
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