Muso

Japanese: ムソ

Indonesian revolutionary. Born in Kediri, East Java. After graduating from Batavia (now Jakarta) Normal School, he studied under the leader of the Islamic League, Tjokroaminoto, and participated in the founding of the Indonesian Communist Party in 1920. During the Communist Party armed uprising of 1926, he promoted a hard-line policy abroad, and came into conflict with Tan Malaka and others who opposed the uprising. He then went into exile in Moscow, and is said to have secretly returned to Indonesia in 1935 to rebuild the party, which had been in a state of collapse. He returned to Indonesia in August 1948, announced "A New Path to the Republic of Indonesia," and organized a new Communist Party that absorbed the Socialist Party, the Labor Party, and the Socialist Youth League, becoming its chairman. He defined the nature of the upcoming revolution as a bourgeois democratic revolution, sought the formation of a broad united front, and advocated support for ethnic governments and flexible land policies. In September 1948, troops affiliated with the People's Democratic Front staged an anti-government coup in the Java city of Madiun, proposing the establishment of a Communist government and appointing Muso as interim president. However, President Sukarno called for support from both the military and civilians for the central government, and the majority of the military invaded Madiun and defeated the rebel forces, with Muso, Tan Malaka and others killed in the fighting.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

インドネシアの革命家。東部ジャワのクディリで生まれた。バタビア（現ジャカルタ）師範学校卒業後，イスラム同盟の指導者チョクロアミノトに師事し，1920年インドネシア共産党の創立に参加した。1926年の共産党武装蜂起では国外にあって強硬策を推進し，蜂起反対派のタン・マラカらと対立。その後モスクワに亡命し，1935年ひそかに帰国，壊滅状態にあった党の再建を図ったといわれる。1948年８月帰国し，〈インドネシア共和国への新しい道〉を発表，社会党，労働党，社会主義青年団を吸収した新共産党を組織して議長となった。当面する革命の性格をブルジョア民主主義革命と規定し，広範な統一戦線の結成を図り，民族政府支持，柔軟な土地政策などを唱えた。1948年９月ジャワのマディウン市で人民民主戦線派の軍が反中央政府のクーデタを起こし，共産党政権樹立を打ち出してムソが臨時大統領に擬せられたが，スカルノ大統領は中央政府への軍民の支持を呼びかけ，軍主流がマディウンに進攻して反乱軍を破り，ムソやタン・マラカらはこの戦闘で死んだ。
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