Civil defense refers to non-military defense actions taken by ordinary citizens to prevent and protect against the danger to life and property caused by military attacks or acts of aggression from foreign enemies. As modern warfare has eliminated the distinction between the front and the home front, and as the target is not only the military but also the will to resist of the people, civil defense has become organized, and governments have sought to disseminate knowledge and methods of civil defense. For example, how to take defensive measures against attacks by ordinary explosives, rockets, nuclear weapons, chemical and biological weapons, how to set up shelters for air raids and radiation shielding shelters, and how to organize firefighting and rescue teams among civilians. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
外敵からの軍事攻撃や侵略行為によって生じる生命や財産への危険を防ぎ,それらを守るために,一般の市民が行う非軍事的な防衛行動のこと。近代の戦争が,戦線と銃後の区別をなくし,また軍隊だけでなく国民の抵抗意志をも目標とするようになってきたため,民間防衛は組織化され,政府によってその知識や方法の普及がはかられるようになった。たとえば普通の爆発物やロケット弾,核兵器,化学的生物的兵器による攻撃に対して,どのように防御措置を講じたらよいか,空襲にそなえる退避壕や放射能への遮蔽壕をどのように設置すればよいか,消火隊や救護隊を民間でどのように編成すべきかなどである。
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