A quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides that are both parallel. It has the following properties: (1) The lengths of the two pairs of opposite sides are equal. (2) The size of the two pairs of diagonals is equal. (3) The two diagonals intersect at their respective midpoints. A quadrilateral with one pair of opposite sides that are parallel is a trapezoid, so a parallelogram can be considered a special case of a trapezoid. It is also a figure that is point-symmetric about the intersection of the two diagonals, and this center coincides with the center of gravity of the parallelogram. In other words, it is unchanged by a rotation of 180° around the center of gravity. The area S of a parallelogram is given by S = a h , where a is the length of the base and h is the height. Furthermore, if the lengths of the two non-parallel sides are a and b , and the angle between these two sides is θ , then S = a b sin θ . A parallelogram with four sides of equal length is a rhombus, and a parallelogram with all four right angles is a rectangle. A parallelogram that satisfies both of these properties is a square. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
2組の対辺がともに平行である四角形。次のような性質をもつ。(1) 2組の対辺の長さはそれぞれ等しい。(2) 2組の対角の大きさはそれぞれ等しい。(3) 2本の対角線はそれぞれの中点で交わる。1組の対辺が平行な四角形は台形なので,平行四辺形は台形の特別な場合とみなすことができる。また,2本の対角線の交点を中心として点対称な図形であり,この中心は平行四辺形の重心と一致する。つまり,重心を中心とする回転角 180°の回転移動によって不変である。平行四辺形の面積 S は,底辺の長さを a とし,高さを h とすると,S=ah で与えられる。また,平行でない 2辺の長さを a,b として,これらの 2辺のなす角を θ とすると,S=ab sinθ と表される。4辺の長さが等しい平行四辺形は菱形であり,四つの角がすべて直角の平行四辺形は長方形である。この二つの性質をともに満たす平行四辺形は正方形である。
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