Mulhouse - Mulhouse (English spelling)

Japanese: ミュルーズ - みゅるーず(英語表記)Mulhouse
Mulhouse - Mulhouse (English spelling)

The sub-prefecture capital of the Haut-Rhin department in eastern France. German name Mülhausen. Located 110 km south of Strasbourg and 33 km northwest of Basel, Switzerland, along the River Ill and the Rhône-Rhine Canal. Population 110,359, metropolitan population 234,445 (1999). An important industrial city in southern Alsace, the textile industry has declined, but machinery and automobile industries are thriving. Potash salt is produced in the northwestern suburbs. It has an international airport (EuroAirport) in Saint-Louis, which is shared with Basel and Freiburg, and is connected to the Swiss and German highway networks, and is also a key railway hub. The Rhône-Rhine Canal also provided good connections between the two rivers, which worked to the city's development. Tertiary industries such as commerce are also thriving, and the establishment of a new university (1975) has contributed to this. The 16th century Renaissance-style city hall (now a history museum) remains, and there is an art museum, the Cité du Train (formerly the French Railway Museum), a zoo, and a botanical garden. It became a free city in the 14th century, and was part of the Swiss Confederation from 1515 to 1798, but was later incorporated into France. The cotton industry developed in the 19th century. There is also a workers' district that was built systematically from the mid-19th century. Between 1871 and 1918, it was annexed by Germany, along with other parts of Alsace.

[Yukihiko Otake]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス東部、オー・ラン県の副県都。ドイツ語名ミュールハウゼンMülhausen。ストラスブールの南110キロメートル、スイスのバーゼル北西33キロメートル、イル川およびローヌ・ライン運河沿いに位置する。人口11万0359、都市圏人口23万4445(1999)。アルザス南部の重要な工業都市で、繊維工業は衰微したが、機械、自動車などの工業が盛ん。北西郊にカリ塩を産する。バーゼル、フライブルクと共有の国際空港(ユーロ・エアポート)をサン・ルイにもち、スイス、ドイツの高速道路網と連絡し、鉄道の要衝でもある。またローヌ・ライン運河により、両河川間の連絡が整備されたことが市の発展に有利に働いた。商業をはじめとする第三次産業も盛んで、これには大学の新設(1975)が寄与している。16世紀、ルネサンス様式の市役所(現、歴史博物館)が残り、美術館、シテ・デュ・トランCité du Train(旧、フランス鉄道博物館)、動物園、植物園がある。14世紀に自由都市となり、1515~1798年スイス連邦の一員となったが、その後フランス領に編入。19世紀には綿工業が発展した。19世紀中ごろから計画的に建設された労働者街もある。1871~1918年の間は他のアルザス各地と同様、ドイツに併合されていた。

[大嶽幸彦]

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