Rivera, Diego

Japanese: リベラ（英語表記）Rivera， Diego

Born: December 8, 1886 in Guanajuato
[Died] November 25, 1957. Mexico City. Mexican painter. After studying at the San Carlos School of Fine Arts, he received a government scholarship and studied in Europe for a long period of time. From 1911 to 1920, he left Spain for Paris, where he was influenced by Cubism, and from 1920 to 1921, he studied Italian Renaissance fresco painting. After returning to Mexico in 1921, he was in charge of mural decorations for new buildings built by the socialist government. He created large murals for the National Palace and the Ministry of Education in Mexico City. He also worked in the United States, creating murals for the California Stock Exchange and the Institute of Art in Detroit from 1930 to 1933. His socialist realism was realized by combining the forms of folk art with the issues of class struggle, which strongly promoted modern art in Mexico. His wife, Frida Kahlo, is also known as a representative Mexican painter.

Rivera
Ribera, José (Jusepe) de

Born: February 17, 1591. Baptized: Xativa
Died: September 2, 1652. A Spanish painter active in Naples, Italy. He is said to have studied under F. Ribalta in Valencia. He traveled to Italy at a young age and trained in Parma, Padua, and Rome, where he was known as Los Spagnoletto (the little Spaniards). He established a realistic style influenced by M. Caravaggio's deep chiaroscuro. After 1616, he settled in Naples, which was under Spanish rule. He painted murals for the palace and monasteries, and also produced many prints and drawings. His major works include "The Martyrdom of St. Andrew" (1628, National Museum of Art, Budapest) and "The Crooked Boy" (1642, Louvre Museum).

Rivera
Rivera, José Fructuoso

[Born] 1790? Paysandu
[Died] 1854
Uruguayan politician and soldier. President (in office 1830-35, 38-42). Together with J. Artigas, he led the movement for independence from Spain. He became the first president in 1830 and the second president in 1838. He organized the Colorado (Red) Party, which fought a factional struggle with M. Oribe's Blanco (White) Party. In 1843, Oribe, supported by Argentine dictator J. Rosas, besieged Montevideo. After losing the battle in 1845, he fled to Brazil and was made one of the high-ranking officials of the Provisional Government of Uruguay in 1853.

Rivera
Rivera, José Eustasio

Born: February 19, 1889. Neiva
[Died] February 19, 1928. Novelist at Columbia University, New York. He began his career as a poet with Tierra de promisión (The Promised Land) (1921), a collection of sonnets that extols tropical nature and life in a modernist style. He then traveled to the depths of the upper reaches of the Amazon River, and based on his experiences there, he gained international fame with La vorágine (24), which depicts the tragic reality of rubber plantation workers who lose their humanity under the threat of overwhelming natural forces.

Rivera
Rivera

The capital of Rivera Department in northern Uruguay. Located on the Santa Ana Hills along the border with Brazil, it faces Santa Nado Livramento across the border. Behind it lies the agricultural and livestock region, and as the commercial and industrial center, it distributes grains, vegetables, fruits, and cattle, and has factories that produce textiles, tobacco, and decorative tiles. Trade with Brazil is also active, as railways and roads run from the capital, Montevideo, through Durazno and Tacuarembo. Population 56,335 (1985).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1886.12.8. グアナフアト
[没]1957.11.25. メキシコシティー
メキシコの画家。サン・カルロス美術学校で学んだのち政府の奨学金を得てヨーロッパに長期留学。 1911～20年スペインからパリに出てキュビスムの影響を受け，20～21年イタリア・ルネサンスのフレスコ画を学び，21年帰国後，社会主義政府の新しい建造物のために壁画装飾を担当。メキシコシティーの国立宮殿，文部省などの大壁画を制作した。またアメリカにおいても，30～33年カリフォルニアの株式取引所，デトロイトのインスティテュート・オブ・アートなどの壁画を手がけた。彼の社会主義リアリズムは民族芸術の形式と階級闘争の諸課題を結びつけることによって実現され，これによってメキシコの現代芸術を力強く推進した。夫人のフリーダ・カーロもメキシコの代表的画家として知られる。

リベラ
Ribera， José(Jusepe) de

[生]1591.2.17. 〈洗礼〉ハティバ
[没]1652.9.2. ナポリ
イタリアで活躍したスペインの画家。バレンシアで F.リバルタに師事したとされる。若くしてイタリアに渡り，パルマ，パドバ，ローマで修業し，当地ではロスパニョレット (小さいスペイン人) と呼ばれた。 M.カラバッジオの深い明暗法の影響を受けた写実主義的作風を確立。 1616年以降スペイン支配下のナポリに定住。宮廷や修道院の壁画を描き，版画やデッサンなども多数制作。主要作品は『聖アンドレアスの殉教』 (1628，ブダペスト国立美術館) ，『曲り足の少年』 (42，ルーブル美術館) 。

リベラ
Rivera， José Fructuoso

[生]1790?　パイサンドゥ
[没]1854
ウルグアイの政治家，軍人。大統領 (在任 1830～35，38～42) 。 J.アルティガスとともにスペインからの独立運動を指導。 1830年初代大統領，38年第2代大統領。コロラド (赤) 党を組織し，M.オリベのブランコ (白) 党と派閥争いを展開，43年アルゼンチンの独裁者 J.ロサスに支援されたオリベによりモンテビデオで包囲攻撃され，45年の戦闘に敗れてブラジルに亡命，53年ウルグアイ臨時政府高官の一人に加えられた。

リベラ
Rivera， José Eustasio

[生]1889.2.19. ネイバ
[没]1928.2.19. ニューヨーク
コロンビアの小説家。近代主義的な作風で熱帯の自然と生活をうたい上げたソネット集『約束の地』 Tierra de promisión (1921) で詩人として出発。その後アマゾン川上流の奥地に旅行，この体験をもとに，圧倒的な大自然の脅威のもとで人間性を喪失していくゴム園労働者の悲惨な現実を描いた『渦巻』 La vorágine (24) で国際的な名声を得た。

リベラ
Rivera

ウルグアイ北部，リベラ県の県都。ブラジルとの国境沿いに連なるサンタアナ丘陵上に位置する町で，国境をへだててサンタナドリブラメントに相対する。背後に農牧地帯を控え，その商工業中心地として，穀物，野菜，果実，ウシなどを集散し，織物，たばこ，装飾タイルなどの工場がある。首都モンテビデオからドゥラスノ，タクアレンボを経てブラジルへ通じる鉄道，道路が通り，ブラジルとの取引も盛ん。人口5万 6335 (1985) 。

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