Minamoto no Tameyoshi - Minamoto no Tameyoshi

Japanese: 源為義 - みなもとのためよし

Year of death: 1156.8.17 (17th August)
Year of birth: 1096
A military commander in the late Heian period. The fourth son of Minamoto Yoshichika, his mother is unknown. In 1108, after his father was pursued and killed by Taira Masamori, he was adopted by his uncle Yoshitada. When Yoshitada was murdered the following year, he pursued and killed the suspects, including Minamoto Yoshitsuna and his family, and was appointed Saemon-no-jo for his achievements, succeeding his grandfather Yoshiie as head of the Kawachi Genji clan. At that time, he was appointed by Emperor Shirakawa to guard Emperor Toba. He also played an active role as a kebiishi, defending against strong appeals in Nanto and Hokuriku and pursuing evil monks, but on the other hand, he and his retainers were violent and unlawful, which caused him to lose the trust of Emperor Shirakawa and the retired Emperor Toba, and his official rank stagnated and he was not even appointed to the rank of shogun. In 1135, he became a candidate for the position of pirate slayer in the Seto Inland Sea, but Emperor Toba appointed Taira Tadamori, saying that if he sent Tameyoshi, the provinces along the way would be destroyed. As a result, he gradually grew closer to Fujiwara Tadazane, the central figure in the regent family, and in 1143 he submitted to Yorinaga's successor. Thereafter, together with his family, he was in charge of guarding them, controlling their family members, punishing evil monks at Kofuku-ji Temple, and managing the estates. In 1150, when Tadazane disowned his eldest son, Tadamichi, he was put in charge of guarding Higashisanjo Palace. However, in 1155, he was dismissed from his post due to his son Tametomo's misconduct and went into seclusion. In the Hogen Rebellion the following year, he was persuaded by Emperor Sutoku to join the Imperial Court's side along with his sons Yorikata and Tametomo, and was opposed by Emperor Goshirakawa's eldest son, Yoshitomo, who was on the side of Emperor Goshirakawa. During the battle, his suggestion of a night attack was rejected by Yorinaga, and despite his bravery, he was defeated. After a period of hiding, he became a monk and sought refuge with Yoshitomo, but on July 30th, he was beheaded at Funaokayama together with his son. After Yoshiie's death, he supported the Kawachi Genji clan, which was on the decline, but ended up sharing the same fate as Tadazane Yorinaga, a member of the regent family who had been his vassal during the Hogen Rebellion. <References> Yonetani Toyonosuke, "Military and Police History of the Insei Period"; Ueyokote Masataka, "The Genji during the Insei Period"

(Yasushi Motoki)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：保元1.7.30(1156.8.17)
生年：永長1(1096)
平安末期の武将。源義親の4男,母は不詳。天仁1(1108)年父が平正盛に追討されたのち,叔父義忠の養子となる。翌年義忠が殺害された際,容疑者の源義綱一族を追討,その功で左衛門尉に任官し祖父義家を継いで河内源氏の当主となる。当時,白河法皇から鳥羽天皇警護に起用された。また検非違使として南都・北嶺の強訴の防禦や悪僧追捕などに活躍したが,半面,自身や郎等の乱暴・非法で白河法皇,鳥羽上皇の信頼を失い,官位は停滞し受領にも任じられなかった。保延1(1135)年には瀬戸内海の海賊追討使の候補となるが,鳥羽上皇は為義を派遣すれば途中の国が滅亡するとして平忠盛を任命した。このため次第に摂関家の中心藤原忠実に接近,康治2(1143)年にはその後継者頼長に臣従し,以後彼らの警護,家人の取り締まり,興福寺悪僧の処罰,荘園の管理などを一族と共に担当。久安6(1150)年に忠実が長男忠通を義絶した際には東三条殿の警備に当たる。しかし,久寿2(1155)年には子の為朝の濫行で解官され籠居。翌保元1年の保元の乱では崇徳上皇の説得で子の頼賢・為朝らと共に院方に参戦,後白河天皇方の長男義朝と敵対。合戦では夜襲の献策を頼長に退けられ,奮戦するも敗北。潜伏ののち,出家して義朝を頼るが,7月30日船岡山で子と共に斬首される。義家没後,衰勢に向かった河内源氏を支えたが,保元の乱において臣従してきた摂関家の忠実・頼長と運命を共にする結果となった。<参考文献>米谷豊之祐『院政期軍事・警察史拾遺』,上横手雅敬「院政期の源氏」

(元木泰雄)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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