Chang-toku

A prefecture-level city in the northern part of Hunan Province, China. Located in the lower reaches of the Yuanjiang River, west of Dongting Lake, it governs two city districts and six counties, including Li County, and acts as the deputy governor for Jin City (as of 2016). Population: 6,087,000 (2014). Linyuan County was established in the Qin Dynasty, and was renamed Wuling County in the Sui Dynasty, and then renamed Changde County in 1913. Since Wuling County was established in the Eastern Han Dynasty and it is an economically and militarily important location, it has been the location of successive prefectures and prefectures since Wuling County was established. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was Changde Prefecture. In 1950, it was separated from Changde County and established as a city. In 1988, it was promoted to a prefecture-level city.

With machinery, spinning, wood processing, and leather as its pillars, tobacco manufacturing, food manufacturing, paper, pharmaceuticals, and electronics industries are also developing. It is a distribution center for agricultural and forestry products in the Yuanjiang River basin. There is a regular shipping route between Changde and Changsha. There are also historical sites and scenic spots such as the Ming Dynasty's Rongding King Tomb, the Iron Jingdang Building, and Binhu Park. Taoyuan County in the city is known as the model for the "Peach Blossom Spring" depicted in Tao Yuanming's (Tao Qian) "Peach Blossom Spring."

[Editor, Michihiro Kono, December 12, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、湖南(こなん)省北部の地級市。沅江(げんこう)下流部、洞庭湖(どうていこ)の西側に位置し、2市轄区、澧(れい)県など6県を管轄し、津市(しんし)市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。人口608万7000（2014）。秦(しん)代に臨沅(りんげん)県が置かれ、隋(ずい)代に武陵(ぶりょう)県と改められたのち1913年に常徳県と改称した。また水運、陸運の便に恵まれ、経済上、軍事上の要地であることから、後漢(ごかん)に武陵郡治が設けられて以後、歴代の州や府の治所も設置された。明(みん)・清(しん)代には常徳府治であった。1950年常徳県から分離して市制施行。1988年地級市に昇格した。

　機械、紡績、木材加工、皮革などの産業を柱として、たばこ製造、食品製造、製紙、製薬、電子工業なども発展をみせている。沅江流域の農・林産物の集散地となっている。常徳―長沙(ちょうさ)間には定期航路がある。また明の栄定王墓、鉄経幢(てっけいとう)、浜湖公園などの史跡、名勝がある。同市桃源(とうげん)県は、陶淵明(とうえんめい)（陶潜(とうせん)）の『桃花源記』に描かれた「桃源郷」のモデルとして知られる。

［河野通博・編集部　2016年12月12日］

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