A general term for woodworking tools used to cut wood. There are specialized tools for stone and metal, but they work on almost the same principle. A thin steel plate with many sawtooth edges and hardened. The sawtooth can be used for ripping or crosscutting, depending on the grain of the wood. In addition to the simple, flat, general type, saws can be broadly categorized into circular saws, band saws, jigsaws, and chain saws. Saws are a universal tool, but most countries use push saws, and Japanese pull saws are a special case. Bronze saws were used in Egypt in the 4th millennium BC. Iron saws appeared in China during the Warring States period. In Japan, a long, thin iron plate about 3 cm wide and 20 to 25 cm long with blades on both sides appeared during the Kofun period. It was from the Nara period onwards that single-edged saws, known as pull saws, with part of the stalk attached to the handle, began to be used. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
木材を引切るために用いる木工刃具の総称。特殊なものとして石材,金属材用のものもあるが,ほとんど同じ原理である。薄い工具鋼板の縁に多くの鋸目の刃をつけ,全体を焼入れしたもの。鋸目に縦びき用,横びき用の粗密があり,木目により使い分ける。簡単な平板状の一般形のほか,形状により丸鋸,帯鋸,糸鋸,さらにチェーン鋸に大別される。鋸は汎世界的な工具であるが,ほとんどの国のものは押切り型で,日本の引切り型は特殊ケースである。エジプトでは前4千年紀に青銅製の鋸が使われていた。中国では戦国時代に鉄製のものが現れる。日本では古墳時代に入ってから,幅約 3cm,長さ 20~25cmほどの細長い鉄板の両側に刃をつけたものが出現する。いわゆる引き鋸といわれる片刃で,茎 (なかご) の一部を柄につけたものが使われるのは,奈良時代以降のことである。
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