The Way of Heavenly Masters (English: Tiān shi dào)

Japanese: 天師道 - てんしどう（英語表記）Tiān shī dào

A sect of Taoism in China. Founded by Zhang Ling in the second half of the 2nd century, it was succeeded by his son Zhang Heng and grandson Zhang Lu. Its teachings involved the use of talismans (symbols) and repentance (head crossing) to treat illnesses, and was called the Five Dou Rice Way (Gotobei Do) because followers were required to donate five dou of rice. In the 5th century, Kou Qianzhi incorporated Buddhism and reformed it, and for a time it functioned as the state religion of the Northern Wei dynasty. Later, Zhang Ling's descendants made Longhu Mountain in Jiangxi their base, and under the 36th Heavenly Master Zhang Zongyan, they gained the support of the Yuan dynasty and expanded their influence to Jiangnan, where they renamed themselves Zhengyi Sect.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国における道教の宗派の一つ。2世紀の後半，張陵によって創始され，その子の張衡，孫の張魯に継承された。その教法はおふだ(符籙)，ざんげ(首過)による治病で，信者から五斗の米を供出させたため五斗米道（ごとべいどう）と呼ばれた。また5世紀には寇謙之によって仏教を摂取して改革が加えられ，一時，北魏の国家宗教として機能した。のち張陵の子孫は江西の竜虎山を本拠とし，第36代天師張宗演のとき，元朝の支持を得て江南に教勢を張り，新たに正一教と称した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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