Mikawa Ikko Ikki - Mikawa Ikko Ikki

Japanese: 三河一向一揆 - みかわいっこういっき
Mikawa Ikko Ikki - Mikawa Ikko Ikki

From September 1563 (Eiroku 6) to March of the following year, the Ikko Ikki uprising broke out around Okazaki in Mikawa Province, the home base of Tokugawa Ieyasu. In the latter half of the 15th century, the Jodo Shinshu Honganji sect formed a religious organization around the Yahagi River, centering on the influential temples of Toro Honshu-ji Temple and the Mikawa Three Temples, Sasaki Joguji Temple, Harizaki Shomanji Temple, and Nodera Honshoji Temple, and gained control of the distribution system in the area through the construction of temple towns. Meanwhile, after the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, Matsudaira Motoyasu (Tokugawa Ieyasu) returned to Okazaki Castle and steadily promoted his policy of making Mikawa his domain. However, this policy also resulted in the harsh exploitation of farmers and temples, and in the process, the privilege of non-entry held by the three temples was violated, so that local lords, local peasants, Ikko followers, and other opponents in the domain rose up in revolt under the banner of defending the three temples. Matsudaira retainers also split up and joined the revolt, which posed a major crisis for the Matsudaira clan. However, after a hard fight, the Matsudaira finally won, despite the disunity of the rebel forces, and then destroyed the Honganji temples and banned them. By suppressing the revolt, the Matsudaira clan was able to wipe out the opposing local lords and reorganize their retainers through the Kandaka system, and succeeded in building a stronger system of control over the domain (the domain of the Sengoku daimyo) than before the revolt. The Honganji faction was also forced to remain silent for the next 20 years until it was pardoned and restored in 1583 (Tensho 11). There are various theories about the nature of this uprising, but in relation to other Ikko Ikki uprisings, it can be pointed out that it had great significance as a preliminary battle in the so-called Ishiyama War.

[Masaki Kubota]

"The Basic Structure of the Ikko Ikki Uprisings" by Kiichi Shingyo (1975, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1563年(永禄6)の9月から翌年3月にかけて、徳川家康の本拠、三河国岡崎周辺に勃発(ぼっぱつ)した一向一揆。15世紀後半、矢作(やはぎ)川周辺には浄土真宗本願寺派が、土呂本宗寺(とろほんしゆうじ)や三河三(さん)ヶ寺(じ)とよばれる佐々木上宮寺(じょうぐうじ)・針崎勝鬘寺(はりざきしょうまんじ)・野寺本証寺(のでらほんしょうじ)の有力寺院を中心に教団を形成し、寺内町の建設などを通じて広く当地域の流通機構を掌握していった。一方、1560年の桶狭間(おけはざま)合戦後、岡崎帰城を果たした松平元康(もとやす)(徳川家康)は、三河の領国化政策を着々と進めていった。しかしこの政策は、同時に農民や寺院への過酷な収奪となって現れ、その過程で三ヶ寺のもっていた不入特権が侵害されたため、その擁護を旗印に領国内の反対派の国人(こくじん)・土豪、農民、一向門徒などが蜂起(ほうき)した。また松平家臣団も分裂して一揆に加わったため、松平氏にとっては大きな危機であった。しかし、松平氏は苦戦のすえ、一揆勢力の不統一もあってようやく勝利を得、その後松平氏は本願寺派寺院を破却し、その禁制を行った。この一揆平定によって、松平氏は反対派の国人たちを一掃するとともに、家臣団を貫高(かんだか)制などで再編成することにより、一揆以前に比べ、より強固な領国支配体制(戦国大名領国)を構築することに成功した。また本願寺派にとっては、1583年(天正11)の赦免、復興まで、以後20年間の沈黙を余儀なくされることになった。なお、同一揆の性格規定については諸説があるが、他の一向一揆との関連において、いわゆる石山(いしやま)戦争の前哨(ぜんしょう)戦として大きな意味をもったことは指摘できよう。

[久保田昌希]

『新行紀一著『一向一揆の基礎構造』(1975・吉川弘文館)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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