Kinnosuke Miura

Internal medicine scientist. Born in Mutsu Province (Fukushima Prefecture). Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the Imperial University in 1888 (Meiji 21), he became an assistant to Dr. Ernst Baelz, a professor of internal medicine at the same university. In 1889, he traveled to Europe to study neurology under Dr. Charcot in Paris, and returned to Japan in 1892. He was appointed a lecturer in internal medicine at his alma mater, and in 1895 he became a professor, a position he held until his retirement in 1924 (Taisho 13). In 1929 (Showa 4), he became the director of Tokyo Doai Memorial Hospital. He mainly conducted research on neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but was also responsible for research on hanging neck disease in the Tohoku region and roundworm eggs. He made an effort to change medical education, which had previously been taught by foreign teachers, to one taught by Japanese teachers, and also worked hard to establish the Japanese Society of Neurology and the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. He served as a member of the Imperial Academy and president of the Tokyo Medical Association, and was awarded the Order of Culture in 1949 (Showa 24).

[Otori Ranzaburo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

内科学者。陸奥(むつ)国（福島県）生まれ。1888年（明治21）帝国大学医科大学を卒業し、同大学内科教師ベルツの助手となる。1889年ヨーロッパに遊学、パリでシャルコーに師事して神経病学を学び、1892年帰国。母校の内科学講師に任ぜられ、1895年教授に就任、1924年（大正13）退職までその任にあった。1929年（昭和4）東京同愛記念病院院長。筋萎縮性側索硬化症(きんいしゅくせいそくさくこうかしょう)などの神経疾患に関する研究を主として行ったが、東北地方の首下がり病、回虫卵に関する研究などの業績がある。それまで外国人教師によって指導されていた医学教育を日本人によるものに変えることに努力し、また日本神経学会、日本内科学会の設立に尽力した。帝国学士院会員、東京医学会会頭などを歴任、1949年（昭和24）文化勲章を受章した。

［大鳥蘭三郎］

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