animateur

Japanese: animateur
animateur

...The first period was from the founding of the Théâtre du Vieux Colombier by J. Copeau in 1913 to the period between the two world wars when the four directors L. Jouvet, C. Durand, G. Pitoeff and G. Baty formed the "Quarter Cartel". The second period was the development of the Cartel's legacy by J. L. Barraud and the three events that occurred in the 1950s in parallel with this: the successful "popular theatre movement" and "regionalisation of theatre" by J. Villard, the emergence of the "absurd theatre of the 1950s" by E. Ionesco, S. Beckett, A. Adamoff and J. Genet, and the "Brechtian Revolution". The third period was the series of major "protests" that theatre experienced in the midst of the social and cultural crisis that was suddenly brought to light by the so-called "May Revolution" in 1968 (centred on the "theatre of the body" that spread under the sign of A. Artaud) and their consequences.
[The Age of Directors - Copeau and the Cartel Quartet]
A director and group leader is called an animateur in French, and the 20th century is called the "century of the animateur," but Copeau is the person who presented the very framework of the animateur. In order to realize his own theatrical ideals, he created a small theater with a unique stage structure as his base theater (a new place for performances), and he completely renovated the relationship between the stage and the audience within that theater, as well as the relationship between the creators and the viewers (theatre as a "movement").

*Some of the terminology that mentions "animateur" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…第1は,1913年,J.コポーによる〈ビユー・コロンビエ座〉創設から,両大戦間におけるL.ジュベ,C.デュラン,G.ピトエフ,G.バティの4人の演出家による〈カルテル四人組〉の時代,第2は,J.L.バローによるカルテルの遺産の発展と並行して50年代に起きる三つの事件,すなわちJ.ビラールによる〈民衆演劇運動〉と〈演劇の地方分化〉の成功,E.イヨネスコ,S.ベケット,A.アダモフ,J.ジュネらの〈50年代不条理劇〉の出現,そして〈ブレヒト革命〉であり,第3の時期は,68年のいわゆる〈五月革命〉によって一挙に顕在化した社会的・文化的危機の中で,演劇が体験した一連の大きな〈異議申立て〉(A.アルトーの徴の下に広がった〈肉体の演劇〉を中核とする)とその結果である。
[演出家の時代――コポーと〈カルテル四人組〉]
 演出家で集団の指導者をフランス語でアニマトゥールanimateurと呼び,20世紀を〈アニマトゥールの世紀〉と称するが,コポーはアニマトゥールの枠組みそのものを提示した人物である。彼は自己の演劇理念実現のため,独自の舞台構造をもつ小劇場を拠点劇場として作り(新しい演戯の場),その劇場内の舞台・客席の関係をはじめ,作る側と見る側の関係を一新する(〈運動〉としての演劇)。…

※「animateur」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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