…And below the Shudras were the untouchables (today called scheduled castes), who were outside the four Varna framework. They are also called "those belonging to the fifth Varna (Pañcama)" or "those without a Varna." As time went on, the relationship between the two lower Varnas and their occupations changed, and Vaishya came to refer only to the merchant class, while Shudra came to refer to the masses of people engaged in production, such as farmers, shepherds, and craftsmen. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "pañcama" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…そして,シュードラのさらに下には,4バルナの枠組みの外におかれた不可触民(今日では指定カーストscheduled casteと呼ばれる)が存在した。彼らは〈第5のバルナに属する者(パンチャマpañcama)〉とも〈バルナを持たない者〉とも呼ばれる。なお,時代が下るとともに下位の両バルナと職業の関係に変化が生じ,バイシャは商人階級のみを,シュードラは農民,牧者,手工業者など生産に従事する大衆を意味するようになる。… ※「pañcama」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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