Mannheim School of Music

Japanese: マンハイム楽派 - まんはいむがくは(英語表記)Mannheimer Schule
Mannheim School of Music

The musicians who served Prince Karl Theodor (reigned 1743-78) at the court of Mannheim, the capital of the Electorate of Germany in the 18th century. As one of the bases of the pre-classical period, they prepared the classical style, including the symphony, and led a splendid and luxurious court musical life. The Mannheim court was the confluence of the Rhine and Neckar rivers, which were important transportation routes in Germany at the time, and prospered through Prince Theodor's peaceful diplomacy. It boasted the largest orchestra of its time, with more than 54 members, built an opera house with the latest equipment at its summer residence, Schwetzingen Palace, and hosted many talented musicians, including Johann Stamitz, a representative composer of the pre-classical period. Traditionally, the Mannheim School's contribution to the establishment of the symphony has been highly praised in music history, but the role of the Mannheim School in the development of other instrumental music, opera, and church music is also being re-recognized.

[Hiroshi Nakano]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

18世紀ドイツのプファルツ選帝侯国の首都マンハイムの宮廷において、カール・テオドール侯(在位1743~78)に仕えた音楽家たち。前古典派の拠点の一つであり、交響曲をはじめ、古典派様式を準備するとともに、絢爛(けんらん)豪華な宮廷音楽生活を繰り広げた。当時のドイツの交通要路であったライン川とネッカー川の合流点であり、テオドール侯の平和外交によって富み栄えたマンハイム宮廷は、当時としては最大規模の54名以上の大オーケストラを誇り、夏の離宮であるシュウェツィンゲン宮には最新の設備による歌劇場を建て、前古典派の代表的な作曲家ヨハン・シュターミッツを先頭に、才能豊かな数多くの音楽家を擁した。従来、音楽史上では交響曲の成立に関して、マンハイム楽派の貢献が高く評価されてきたが、その他の器楽曲、オペラ、教会音楽の発展におけるマンハイム楽派の役割も、再認識されつつある。

[中野博詞]

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