Born: March 27, 1893, Budapest [died] January 9, 1947, London German sociologist. He studied at the universities of Budapest, Freiburg, and Heidelberg, and obtained his doctorate with Die Strukturanalyse der Erkenntnistheorie (1922). His works, including Ideologie und Utopie (1929), aimed to overcome Marxist ideology theory, and were important works in establishing the sociology of knowledge. He was expelled from Germany with the rise of the Nazis, and went to England in 1933. From this experience, he sensed the crisis of liberalism under a dictatorship, and developed the idea of planned democracy from the diagnostics of the modern era. In 1945, he became professor of the Faculty of Education at the University of London, and showed a new direction in the sociology of education. In the practical aspect, he was appointed Director of the European Division of UNESCO, but died suddenly. His other works include Mensch und Gesellschaft im Zeitalter des Umbaus (Man and Society in an Age of Change) (1935), Diagnosis of Our Time (43), and Freedom, Power, and Democratic Planning (50). Mannheim |
[生]1893.3.27. ブダペスト [没]1947.1.9. ロンドン ドイツの社会学者。ブダペスト,フライブルク,ハイデルベルク各大学で学び,『認識論の構造分析』 Die Strukturanalyse der Erkenntnistheorie (1922) によって学位を得た。 1929年の『イデオロギーとユートピア』 Ideologie und Utopieをはじめとする諸業績は,マルクス主義のイデオロギー論の克服を目指すと同時に,知識社会学を樹立するうえで重要な著作となった。ナチスの勃興によりドイツを追われ,33年イギリスに渡った。この体験から,独裁体制下での自由主義の危機を感じ取り,現代という時代の診断学から,さらに計画的民主主義の思想を展開することになった。 45年ロンドン大学教育学部教授となり,教育社会学の方向に新展開を示した。実践面でもユネスコのヨーロッパ部長に任じられたが,急逝。その他著書『変革期における人間と社会』 Mensch und Gesellschaft im Zeitalter des Umbaus (1935) ,『現代の診断』 Diagnosis of Our Time (43) ,『自由,権力,民主的計画』 Freedom,Power,and Democratic Planning (50) など多数。 マンハイム
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