Mannheim (English spelling) Mannheim, Karl

Japanese: マンハイム(英語表記)Mannheim, Karl
Mannheim (English spelling) Mannheim, Karl
Born: March 27, 1893, Budapest
[died] January 9, 1947, London German sociologist. He studied at the universities of Budapest, Freiburg, and Heidelberg, and obtained his doctorate with Die Strukturanalyse der Erkenntnistheorie (1922). His works, including Ideologie und Utopie (1929), aimed to overcome Marxist ideology theory, and were important works in establishing the sociology of knowledge. He was expelled from Germany with the rise of the Nazis, and went to England in 1933. From this experience, he sensed the crisis of liberalism under a dictatorship, and developed the idea of ​​planned democracy from the diagnostics of the modern era. In 1945, he became professor of the Faculty of Education at the University of London, and showed a new direction in the sociology of education. In the practical aspect, he was appointed Director of the European Division of UNESCO, but died suddenly. His other works include Mensch und Gesellschaft im Zeitalter des Umbaus (Man and Society in an Age of Change) (1935), Diagnosis of Our Time (43), and Freedom, Power, and Democratic Planning (50).

Mannheim
Mannheim

A city in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany. It is located at the confluence of the Rhine and Neckar rivers in the northwestern tip of the state. It was recorded as a village in 764. In 1606, elector Frederick IV planned the construction of the city, dividing it into 136 rectangles. It obtained city rights the following year. It was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War, and rebuilt by the Elector of the Palatinate in 1720. After the construction of a Rhine port in 1834, it developed economically, and industrialization progressed in the early 20th century. Today, it is home to industries such as chemicals, agricultural machinery, steel, automobiles, and electrical equipment, and together with Ludwigshafen on the opposite bank, it forms an industrial district. It is a cultural city with a long tradition, and in the 18th century it was a center of German theater and music, especially known for the premiere of Schiller's plays and the Mannheim School of music including J. Stamitz. It is home to the National Theatre (rebuilt in 1954-57), the Reis Museum, the Kunsthalle Museum, etc. Population: 311,969 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1893.3.27. ブダペスト
[没]1947.1.9. ロンドン
ドイツの社会学者。ブダペスト,フライブルク,ハイデルベルク各大学で学び,『認識論の構造分析』 Die Strukturanalyse der Erkenntnistheorie (1922) によって学位を得た。 1929年の『イデオロギーとユートピア』 Ideologie und Utopieをはじめとする諸業績は,マルクス主義のイデオロギー論の克服を目指すと同時に,知識社会学を樹立するうえで重要な著作となった。ナチスの勃興によりドイツを追われ,33年イギリスに渡った。この体験から,独裁体制下での自由主義の危機を感じ取り,現代という時代の診断学から,さらに計画的民主主義の思想を展開することになった。 45年ロンドン大学教育学部教授となり,教育社会学の方向に新展開を示した。実践面でもユネスコのヨーロッパ部長に任じられたが,急逝。その他著書『変革期における人間と社会』 Mensch und Gesellschaft im Zeitalter des Umbaus (1935) ,『現代の診断』 Diagnosis of Our Time (43) ,『自由,権力,民主的計画』 Freedom,Power,and Democratic Planning (50) など多数。

マンハイム
Mannheim

ドイツ南西部,バーデンウュルテンベルク州の都市。州北西端,ライン川とネッカー川の合流点に位置する。 764年に村として記録。 1606年選帝侯フリードリヒ4世により計画的な都市建設がなされ,市街は 136の長方形に区切られた。翌年都市権を獲得。三十年戦争の際破壊され,1720年ファルツ選帝侯によって再建された。 1834年ライン河港が建設されてのち経済的に発展,20世紀初頭には工業化が進んだ。現在は化学,農業機械,鉄鋼,自動車,電気機器などの工業が立地し,対岸のルートウィヒスハーフェンとともに工業地区を形成している。伝統のある文化都市で,特に 18世紀にはドイツの演劇,音楽の一中心となり,シラーの劇の初演,J.シュターミツらのマンハイム楽派などで知られた。国立劇場 (1954~57再建) ,ライス美術館,クンストハレ美術館などがある。人口 31万1969(2010)。

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