Islamic jurist. Born in Maward, Iran. A Sunni jurist belonging to the Shafi'i school. He served as the Grand Judge of Baghdad during a time when the control of the Abbasid Caliphate weakened and local governors emerged as de facto political rulers. He developed distinctive political theories with the aim of restoring unity in the Islamic community and realizing social justice. It is said that he did not publish any works during his lifetime, but in his main work, "Principles of Rule," he argues for an elected caliphate, a system of caliphate responsibility to society, and the need to establish a system of rule of law to counter dictatorship. His political ideas have had a strong influence on the modern Islamic world. [Koro Matsumoto April 18, 2018] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イスラムの法学者。イランのマーワルドに生まれる。スンニー派の法学者で、シャーフィイー学派に属する。アッバース朝カリフの支配力が弱まり、各地の太守が実質上の政治的支配者として台頭してくる時代に、バグダードの大法官として活躍した。イスラム共同体の統一の回復と社会正義の実現を目ざして特色のある政治論を展開した。在世中には著作を発表しなかったといわれているが、その主著『支配の原理』において、選挙によるカリフ制やカリフの社会に対する責任制、独裁に対する法治主義制度の確立の必要性などが説かれている。彼の政治思想は現代イスラム世界にも強い影響力を及ぼしている。 [松本耿郎 2018年4月18日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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