◎Official name: Republic of Malta. ◎Area: 316 km2 . ◎Population: 420,000 (2011). ◎Capital: Valletta (5,748 in 2011). ◎Residents: Semitic Maltese. ◎Religion: 96% Catholic (official religion). ◎Languages: Maltese, English (both official languages), Italian. ◎Currency: Euro. ◎Head of state: President, Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca (elected April 2014, five-year term). ◎Prime Minister: Joseph Muscat (inaugurated March 2013). ◎Constitution: Established in 1964, revised December 1974 (Republican). ◎Parliament: Unicameral (65 seats, five-year term). The most recent election was in March 2013. ◎GDP: $7.4 billion (2007). ◎GNI per capita - $13,610 (2005). ◎Proportion of workers employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing - 2% (1997). ◎Life expectancy - 77.5 years for men, 82.0 years for women (2013). ◎Infant mortality rate - 5‰ (2010). ◎Literacy rate - 92.4% (2005). * *A republic in the Commonwealth of Nations consisting of the island of Malta, Gozo and Comino, located in the central Mediterranean Sea. It is a low-lying limestone island about 100km south of Sicily, Italy, and about 300km from the northern coast of Africa, with the highest point at 240m above sea level. It has a Mediterranean climate. The inhabitants are the Maltese, who are of Semitic descent and of complex mixed ancestry. Many emigrated to North Africa, North America, Australia, etc. in the 19th and 20th centuries. Wheat, barley and vegetables are cultivated, but the soil is infertile, so food is imported. Its industries include leather, lace, tobacco, and shipbuilding, and tourism and transit trade are also sources of income. After being colonized by Phoenicia and Carthage, it became a Roman territory in 218 BC. It was subsequently ruled by the Byzantine Empire, Arab countries, and Sicily, and in 1530 the Order of Malta (Knights of St. John) was established. It was occupied by Napoleon's army in 1798, and then by the UK in 1801, when an important Royal Navy base was established. It gained independence by referendum in 1964, and became a republic in 1974. The National Party and the Labour Party, which have opposing policies, are in a state of equilibrium, and take turns in power. In 1989, it was the stage for the historic US-Soviet summit, which declared the end of the Cold War. Even after losing its territory, the Knights of St. John continued to claim sovereignty as a state, and in 1994 they were granted the right to attend the United Nations General Assembly as observers. It joined the European Union (EU) in May 2004 and introduced the euro in January 2008. → Related articleMegalithic Temples of Malta Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
◎正式名称−マルタ共和国Republic of Malta。◎面積−316km2。◎人口−42万人(2011)。◎首都−バレッタValletta(5748人,2011)。◎住民−セム系マルタ人。◎宗教−カトリック(国教)96%。◎言語−マルタ語,英語(以上,公用語),イタリア語。◎通貨−ユーロEuro。◎元首−大統領,マリールイーズ・コレイロ・プレカMarie-Louise Coleiro Preca(2014年4月選出,任期5年)。◎首相−ジョゼフ・ムスカットJoseph Muscat(2013年3月発足)。◎憲法−1964年制定,1974年12月改正(共和制)。◎国会−一院制(定員65,任期5年)。最近の選挙は2013年3月。◎GDP−74億ドル(2007)。◎1人当りGNI−1万3610ドル(2005)。◎農林・漁業就業者比率−2%(1997)。◎平均寿命−男77.5歳,女82.0歳(2013)。◎乳児死亡率−5‰(2010)。◎識字率−92.4%(2005)。 * *地中海中央部にあるマルタ島を中心にゴゾ島,コミノ島からなるイギリス連邦内の共和国。イタリアのシチリア島の南方約100km,アフリカ北岸から約300kmにあり,石灰岩からなる低平な島で最高点は標高240m。地中海式気候。住民はセム系で複雑に混血したマルタ人。19世紀−20世紀に北アフリカ,北米,オーストラリアなどへ移民したものも多い。小麦,大麦,野菜類の栽培が行われるが,土地がやせており,食糧は輸入に依存する。工業は皮革,レース,タバコ,造船などで,観光収入,中継貿易なども財源。 フェニキア,カルタゴの植民を経て,前218年ローマ領になった。以後ビザンティン帝国,アラブ,シチリアなどの支配を経て,1530年マルタ騎士団(ヨハネ騎士団)領が成立した。1798年ナポレオン軍に占領されたのち,1801年英国が占領し,英国海軍の重要基地が置かれた。1964年国民投票により独立,1974年共和制に移行した。政策の対立する国民党と労働党の勢力が相拮抗し,交互に政権を担当している。1989年には東西冷戦構造の終結を宣言した歴史的な米ソ首脳会談〈マルタ・サミット〉の舞台を提供した。なお,ヨハネ騎士団は領土を失った後も国家主権の主体であることを主張し,1994年にはオブザーバーとして国連総会に出席する資格を得た。2004年5月ヨーロッパ連合(EU)に加盟。2008年1月ユーロ導入を実現。 →関連項目マルタの巨石神殿群 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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