German composer and conductor. Born in Hamburg as a German Jew, he grew up in Berlin. His grandfather was the famous philosopher Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786). He studied piano, violin, and composition from an early age, and composed the String Octet (1825) at the age of 16, and the overture to the incidental music for the play A Midsummer Night's Dream (completed in 1842) at the age of 17. In 1829, he revived JS Bach's St. Matthew Passion in Berlin, opening the door to the Bach Renaissance. He also traveled around the world, deepening his friendship with Berlioz, Chopin, and F. Liszt, and wrote orchestral pieces such as Fingal's Cave (1832), Italian Symphony (Symphony No. 4) (1833), and Scottish Symphony (Symphony No. 3) (1842). In 1835, he became the conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra and developed the orchestra, and in 1843 he founded the Leipzig Conservatory, but his health soon deteriorated due to overwork and he died at the age of 38. His other works include Symphony No. 5, Reformation (1830), two piano concertos (1831, 1837), Violin Concerto in E minor (1844), two oratorios, St. Paul (1836) and Ellia (1846), string quartets No. 1 to No. 6 (1827-1847), Piano Trio No. 1 (1839), Cello Sonata No. 2 (1843), eight volumes of piano pieces, Songs without Words (1830-1845), operas, and songs. A Romantic composer with a classical streak, his elegant and symmetrical beauty is an indispensable charm. His sister Fanny (1805-1847) was also known as a pianist and composer. →Related topics Capriccio | Christian music | A Midsummer Night's Dream | Bach | Maimon | Joachim | Romanticism Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
ドイツの作曲家,指揮者。ユダヤ系ドイツ人としてハンブルクに生まれ,ベルリンで育つ。祖父は高名な哲学者モーゼス・メンデルスゾーン〔1729-1786〕。早くからピアノ,バイオリン,作曲を学び,16歳で《弦楽八重奏曲》(1825年)を,17歳で劇付随音楽《夏の夜の夢》の序曲(全曲完成1842年)を作曲。1829年にはベルリンでJ.S.バッハの《マタイ受難曲》を復活再演し,〈バッハ・ルネサンス〉の扉を開く。また各国を旅してベルリオーズ,ショパン,F.リストらと親交を深め,管弦楽曲《フィンガルの洞窟》(1832年),《イタリア交響曲(交響曲第4番)》(1833年),《スコットランド交響曲(交響曲第3番)》(1842年)などを書く。1835年にはライプチヒ・ゲバントハウス管弦楽団の指揮者となって楽団を育成し,1843年ライプチヒ音楽院を創立したが,間もなく過労のため健康を損ない38歳で死去。作品はほかに,《交響曲第5番・宗教改革》(1830年),二つのピアノ協奏曲(1831年,1837年),《バイオリン協奏曲ホ短調》(1844年),《聖パウロ》(1836年),《エリア》(1846年)の二つのオラトリオ,第1番〜第6番の弦楽四重奏曲(1827年−1847年),《ピアノ三重奏曲第1番》(1839年),《チェロ・ソナタ第2番》(1843年),ピアノ曲集《無言歌》8巻(1830年−1845年),オペラ,歌曲など。古典派的傾向をもつロマン派の作曲家で,気品に満ちた均整美には他に求めがたい魅力がある。姉のファニー〔1805-1847〕もピアノ奏者,作曲家として知られる。 →関連項目カプリッチョ|キリスト教音楽|夏の夜の夢|バッハ|マイモン|ヨアヒム|ロマン主義 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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