Monetarism

Japanese: マネタリズム(英語表記)monetarism
Monetarism
This school of thought emerged in the 1960s as a criticism of the Keynesian fiscal and monetary policies, and its advocate was M. Friedman, the leader of the Chicago School. People of this school are called monetarists. The core of monetarism is the theory that the main factor that determines fluctuations in prices and nominal national income is fluctuations in the amount of money (money supply, or money supply), and it is also called the new quantity theory of money. From this perspective, monetary policy that emphasizes the money supply is considered the most important economic policy for economic stability. The points of contention between the Keynesian school and monetarism can be summarized as follows. The Keynesian school believes that economic stability cannot be achieved through market mechanisms alone, and emphasizes discretionary economic policy (fiscal and monetary policy), arguing that government intervention in the economy is necessary. Monetarism, on the other hand, maintains that the economic activities of private enterprises should be left entirely to market mechanisms, that government economic policy should be limited to supplying money at a constant rate of increase commensurate with the long-term growth rate of output, and that Keynesian intervention in the economy through fiscal and monetary policy is undesirable. (→ Quantity theory of money )

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ケインズ学派の財政金融政策を批判して 1960年代に登場した学派で,その主唱者はシカゴ学派の総帥 M.フリードマンである。この学派の人々をマネタリスト monetaristと呼ぶ。マネタリズムの核心は,物価や名目国民所得の変動を左右する主たる要因が貨幣量 (貨幣供給量すなわちマネー・サプライ ) の変動にあるとする理論で,新貨幣数量説 new quantity theory of moneyとも呼ばれる。この観点から,経済政策のなかで貨幣供給量を重視する貨幣政策が経済安定のために最も重要であるとされる。ケインズ学派とマネタリズムの論争点を概括すると次のとおりである。ケインズ学派は,市場機構だけでは経済の安定化は達成できないとして裁量的経済政策 (財政金融政策) を重視して,政府の経済への介入が必要であると主張する。これに対してマネタリズムは,私企業の経済活動は全面的に市場機構にゆだねるべきであるとし,政府の経済政策は長期的な産出量成長率に見合った一定増加率での貨幣供給に限定して行われるべきで,ケインズ学派の財政金融政策による経済への介入は望ましくないと主張する。 (→貨幣数量説 )  

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