Matteotti - Matteo (English spelling) Giacomo Matteotti

Italian anti-fascist and reformist socialist. Born into a wealthy family in Polesine (Veneto). Studied law at the University of Bologna. Starting with the peasant problems in his hometown, he participated in the socialist movement in the Po basin before World War I, and was imprisoned for his anti-war activities during the war. From 1919 onwards, he was a Socialist Party representative. He became secretary of the United Socialist Party, which separated from the Socialist Party (1924). At the end of 1923, he published a fact-finding book entitled "A Year of Fascist Rule," and on May 30, 1924, he gave a speech in the National Diet exposing in detail the fraud, violence, and blackmail committed by the Fascists in the previous month's lower house election. On the following June 10, on his way to the Diet, he was attacked and abducted by several thugs, went missing, and two months later his body was found in the suburbs of Rome. The already growing public opinion against Fascism boiled over, bringing the government and Fascism to the brink of collapse, leading to the so-called "Mattéotti Crisis." In a retrial of the case after World War II, it was confirmed that Fascists, primarily Amerigo Dumini, were responsible.

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの反ファシスト、改良主義社会主義者。ポレージネ（ベネト地方）の富裕な家庭の出身。ボローニャ大学で法律を専攻した。郷里の農民問題を手始めに第一次世界大戦前のポー川流域の社会主義運動に参加し、大戦中は反戦行動のために投獄された。1919年以降社会党代議士。社会党から分離した統一社会党の書記になる（1924）。1923年末に『ファシズム支配の一年』と題する実態調査書を出版し、1924年5月30日、国会において、前月の下院選挙でファシストが犯した不正行為あるいは暴行・恐喝の事実を詳細に暴露する演説を行った。翌6月10日登院の途中、数名の暴漢に襲われて拉致(らち)され、行方不明となり、2か月後彼の死体がローマ郊外で発見された。すでに高まっていたファシズム糾弾の世論は沸騰し、政府とファシズムを崩壊の危機に追い詰める、いわゆる「マッテオッティの危機」を招いた。第二次世界大戦後に行われた事件の再審裁判で、アメリゴ・ドゥミーニを主犯とするファシストの犯行が確認された。

［重岡保郎］

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