aksak

Japanese: aksak
aksak

...The melodies of the songs are based on the narration-like melodies of improvisers and melismatic melodies that go up and down within a narrow range not exceeding a fourth, derived from Islamic melodies. They are characterized by a two-part chorus technique in which the notes collide in second intervals, common to Slavic folk songs, and a unique vocalization in which the voice is sometimes made to tremble by tapping the throat. The dance is generally a round dance of fast tempo with a lame rhythm called an aksak, which is unique to the Balkans and combines units of two and three. The most common instruments are the gusla, a one- or two-stringed bowed instrument that accompanies the bard's improvised poetry, the kaval bagpipes, the zurla double-reed wind instrument, and the tapan double-sided drum. ...

From [Rhythm]

... The relationship between rhythm and form is seen in more diverse forms outside of Western Europe. For example, the aksak rhythm (also called Bulgarian rhythm), which is widespread in Turkey and Eastern Europe, is based on duple and ternary beats and creates extremely diverse rhythmic patterns from subtle combinations of long and short notes. If the rhythm of modern Western music is, so to speak, a constructive time form, the time form of Japanese gagaku and Indonesian gamelan music is, so to speak, circular.

From Romania

…The music for this dance is mainly instrumental, but in some regions it is accompanied by singing. The dance music is characterized by irregular rhythms that combine various units of two and three, called aksak. The most common instruments are the vertical flute tilincǎ, a stringed instrument of the lute family cobzǎ, a small cimbalom (țambal), and bagpipes (cimpoi), among which the panpipe nai, made of many pipes, is the most famous. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "aksak" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…歌の旋律は,即興詩人の叙唱風な旋律や,イスラムの旋律に由来する,4度を超えない狭い音域の中で音の上下するメリスマの多い旋律が基本になっていて,スラブの民謡に共通する,2度で音のぶつかる2声の合唱法,ときには喉をたたいて声を震わせたりもする独特な発声に特徴づけられている。踊りは,バルカン固有の2と3の単位を組み合わせるアクサクaksakと呼ばれる跛行的なリズムをもった速いテンポの踊りの輪舞コロが一般的である。楽器は,吟遊詩人の即興詩の伴奏をする1弦または2弦の弓奏弦楽器グスラ,バッグパイプのカバルkaval,ダブル・リードの管楽器ズルラzurla,両面太鼓タパンtapanが代表的なものである。…

【リズム】より

… リズムと形式の関係は西欧以外ではもっと多様な形でみられる。たとえばトルコや東欧に広く分布するアクサクaksakのリズム(ブルガリア・リズムともいう)は2拍子と3拍子を基本として音符の長短の微妙な組合せからきわめて多様なリズム・パターンをつくり出している。西欧の近代音楽のリズムがいわば構築的な時間形態であるとすると,日本の雅楽やインドネシアのガムラン音楽における時間形態はいわば円環的である。…

【ルーマニア】より

…この踊りの音楽はおもに器楽であるが,地域によっては歌で伴奏する踊りもある。踊りの音楽はアクサクaksakと呼ばれる2と3の単位をいろいろに組み合わせた不規則なリズムを特徴としている。 楽器では指孔のない縦笛ティリンカtilincǎ,リュート系の弦楽器コブザcobzǎ,小型のツィンバロム(ツァンバルțambal),バッグパイプ(チンポイcimpoi)が一般的であるが,なかでは,たくさんのパイプを組み合わせて作るパンパイプのナイnaiが有名である。…

※「aksak」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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