ICU - ICU

Japanese: ICU - あいしーゆー
ICU - ICU
An ICU (Intensive Care Unit) is a management system for accepting acutely severe patients who may be able to be saved and providing them with intensive medical care and nursing.
Many of those eligible are people with acute, serious conditions requiring emergency surgical treatment, including those who require emergency medical treatment for diseases such as the acute phase of tetanus or fulminant hepatitis, but emergency cardiac patients will be treated in a CCU if the facilities are available.
ICU rooms are large rooms separated from the rest, equipped with all the necessary testing and medical equipment, and the central monitoring equipment allows several patients to be seen at a glance. The monitoring equipment can continuously measure and record each patient's temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, electrocardiogram, etc., and sounds an alarm if any abnormality occurs.
In the ICU, experienced doctors and specially trained nurses work in three shifts, day and night. If necessary, advanced emergency treatments can be given on the spot, such as tracheotomy and connecting the patient to an artificial ventilator, cardiac massage in the case of cardiac arrest, electrical defibrillation (countershock) and artificial pacemakers for abnormalities in the heart rhythm, and plasma exchange for fulminant hepatitis.
Because the ICU requires a level of cleanliness comparable to that of an operating room, family visits are prohibited in principle. However, emergency cases requiring treatment in the ICU usually resolve within a few days, after which the patient is transferred to an intensive care unit in each department.

Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information

Japanese:
救命できる可能性のある急性の重症患者を収容し、密度の高い集中的な医療・看護を行なうための管理方式を、ICU(集中治療部)といいます。
 対象となるのは、外科的な緊急治療を必要とする急性の重症の人が多く、破傷風(はしょうふう)や劇症肝炎(げきしょうかんえん)の急性期などの内科的な緊急治療を要する人も含まれますが、心臓病の緊急患者は、設備があればCCUで治療されます。
 ICUの病室は、他から仕切られた大きな部屋で、必要な検査設備と医療設備が備えられ、集中監視装置のある場所からは数人の人を一目で見渡せるようになっています。監視装置は、一人ひとりの体温、血圧、脈拍数、呼吸数、心電図などを連続して測定・記録することができ、異常がおこれば警報音を発します。
 ICUには、熟練した医師と特別な訓練を受けた看護師が、それぞれ三交代で昼夜の別なく勤務しています。必要があれば気管切開して人工呼吸器(レスピレーター)につないだり、心停止の場合は心臓マッサージ、心臓のリズムの異常には電気的除細動(じょさいどう)(カウンターショック)や人工ペースメーカー、劇症肝炎では血漿交換(けっしょうこうかん)が行なえるなど、高度な緊急処置をその場で受けられます。
 ICUは手術室に準ずる清潔度を必要とするため、原則として家族の面会は禁じられていますが、ICUで治療が必要な緊急事態は、ふつう数日で改善されるため、それ以降は病人は各科の重症室に移されます。

出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報

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