Fuchu

Japanese: 府中 - ふちゅう

This was the location of the provincial government office of Echizen Province in ancient times, and was called Fuchu from the Middle Ages onwards. In the early modern period, it became a castle town for the Honda clan, a chief retainer of the Fukui domain, and was also a post station on the Hokuriku Kaido road. It is part of what is now Takefu, Echizen City, Fukui Prefecture. The Echizen provincial office was located in Nyu district, to which Takefu belonged, and it appears in Saibara as "Takefu's provincial office." During the Muromachi period, the shugosho of Echizen Province was located in Takefu, and it came to be called Fuchu. The name Fuchu appears in the Kyogaku Shiyosho, and during the Asakura clan era, the Fuchu shugosho and the Fuchu two magistrates, two of whom were vassals of the Asakura clan, were located here. There were many temples, including Ryusenji Temple, and commercial activity was also active. After the downfall of Asakura Yoshikage in 1573, Tomita Nagashige, who had submitted to Oda Nobunaga, lived in Fuchu, but in 1575, Nobunaga sent troops to Echizen, which had become the territory of the Hongan-ji Temple, and attacked Fuchu. After Nobunaga subjugated Echizen, the Fuchu Triumvirate of Maeda Toshiie, Fuwa Mitsuharu, and Sassa Narimasa was established. Fuchu-gun, a privately named county during the Azuchi-Momoyama period, is a general term for the area centered on Fuchu, extending to Minami-Nakajo-gun, Niukita-gun, and Imanantou-gun, and may refer to the area controlled by the Fuchu Triumvirate. In 1601, Yuki Hideyasu entered the domain as lord of Fukui, and his elder retainer Honda Tomimasa (with a fief of 45,000 koku) was stationed in Fuchu Castle, and the area subsequently developed into a castle town for the clan. The Hokuriku Kaido road ran through the center from north to south, along which the main town houses were lined, with temples and their temple towns on the west side, and samurai residences on the east side. The town was divided into the 18 Fuchu cho (including Fuchu Honmachi) and the neighboring Fuchu Machigai (outside Fuchu town), with a total of 21 cho (6 tan) of the 18 Fuchu cho (18 cho), 18 cho (2 tan) of 43 temple and shrine sites that had been exempted, and 2 cho (8 tan) of Fuchu Castle land, totaling 22 cho (6 tan) of samurai residence land. When the Honda clan first took possession of the domain, the number of households was said to be less than 500, but in 1625 there were 884 houses in 18 cho, and by the mid-18th century there were 2004 houses in 34 cho. A wholesaler was set up in Aburazakecho as a post station, and there were always 25 horses, 25 laborers, and 30 palanquins. The main industry was the cutting of blades, and in 1797 there were 72 blacksmiths and 139 tatara (bellows) tools. The sickles produced there were known as Echizen sickles. In 1869 the area was renamed Takefu.
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Fuchu

A name that arose in the Middle Ages, and was the name of the location of provincial capitals that became urbanized around provincial government offices. Suruga-fuchu, or Sunpu (Shizuoka City) and Kai-fuchu (Kofu City), which later became prosperous castle towns, are particularly famous, and other names remain in Musashi-fuchu (Fuchu City, Tokyo), Bingo-fuchu (Fuchu City, Hiroshima Prefecture), Aki-fuchu (Fuchu Town, Hiroshima Prefecture), and Echizen-fuchu (Takefu, Echizen City, Fukui Prefecture). → Provincial Government Offices and Provincial Capitals

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

古代の越前国の国衙(こくが)所在地で，中世以降府中と称し，近世には福井藩の家老本多氏の城下町となり，北陸街道の宿駅でもあった。現在の福井県越前市武生(たけふ)に属する。越前国府は武生が属した丹生(にう)郡にあり，〈催馬楽(さいばら)〉に〈武生の国府〉とみえる。室町時代の越前国の守護所は武生に置かれ，府中とよばれるようになった。《経覚私要鈔(きょうがくしようしょう)》に府中の地名がみえ，朝倉氏時代には府中守護所や，朝倉氏の２人の家臣が務めた府中両奉行人が置かれた。竜泉寺をはじめ多数の寺院があり，商業活動も活発であった。1573年朝倉義景の滅亡後，織田信長に帰順した富田長繁が府中に居館したが，1575年信長は本願寺の領国化した越前に出兵，府中に攻め込んだ。信長の越前平定後，前田利家・不破光治・佐々成政の府中三人衆が置かれた。織豊期に私称された郡名である府中郡は，府中を中心に南仲条(みなみなかじょう)郡・丹生北(にうきた)郡・今南東(いまなんとう)郡にわたる地域の総称で，府中三人衆の支配地域を指すものとも考えられる。1601年結城秀康が福井藩主として入部，家老の本多富正（４万5000石を知行）が府中城に配され，以後同氏の城下町として発展した。中央をほぼ南北に北陸街道が通り，これに沿って主要町屋が続き，西側に寺院とその門前町，東側に侍屋敷が置かれた。町は府中本町など府中十八町と隣接する府中町外(まちがい)とに分かれ，反別は府中十八町21町６反余，除地(じょち)となった社寺地43ヵ所18町２反余，府中城地２町８反余を含めた侍屋敷地22町６段余。戸数は本多氏入封当初は500戸足らずといわれたが，1625年には18町884軒，18世紀中頃には34町2004軒を数えた。宿駅としては油在家(あぶらざいけ)町に問屋が置かれ，伝馬25匹，人足25人，宿駕30人分を常備した。代表的産業として打刃物業があり，1797年には鍛冶職72軒，鞴(たたら)株139具。生産された鎌は越前鎌として知られた。1869年武生に改称された。
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府中【ふちゅう】

中世におこった名称で，国衙(こくが)を中心に都市化した国府の所在地の呼称。のちに城下町となり繁栄した駿河(するが)府中すなわち駿府(すんぷ)（静岡市），甲斐(かい)府中（甲府市）が特に有名で，他に武蔵(むさし)府中（東京都府中市），備後(びんご)府中（広島県府中市），安芸(あき)府中（広島県府中町），越前府中（福井県越前市武生）などに地名として残る。→国衙・国府

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